<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0120-0690</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Pecuarias]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev Colom Cienc Pecua]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0120-0690</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad de Antioquia]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0120-06902023000300131</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17533/udea.rccp.v36n3a2</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Effect of management and probiotic supplementation on growth performance of Muscovy ducks]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Efecto del manejo y la suplementación con probióticos sobre el desempeño del crecimiento del pato criollo]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Efeito do manejo e da suplementação com probióticos no desempenho de crescimento de pato-almiscarado]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arias-Sosa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Luis Alejandro]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rojas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Alex L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chavarro-Tulcán]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Isabel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Poveda-Diaz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Nataly]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vargas-Puentes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jimmy]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia (UPTC)  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia (UPTC)  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia (UPTC)  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia (UPTC)  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af5">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia (UPTC)  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>07</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>07</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>36</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<fpage>131</fpage>
<lpage>140</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0120-06902023000300131&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0120-06902023000300131&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0120-06902023000300131&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract  Background:  Farming of Muscovy ducks (Cairina moschata) is an important part of the poultry industry in developed countries. However, the lack of research and improvement programs has led to poor productive outcomes in developing regions where this duck breed is important to procure adequate food security.  Objective:  To evaluate the effect of improved management conditions and the use of commercial probiotics on the growth performance of Muscovy ducks in a semi-intensive system farm in Colombia.  Methods:  We recorded the weight gain and feed conversion ratio (FCR) of ducks under three treatments: Backyard management; Improved management; and Improved management plus probiotic supplementation.  Results:  The backyard farming system led to poor weight gains (male=2,797; female=1,605 g) and less efficient FCR (4.06). Improvement of management conditions led to a better (p&lt;0.05) FCR (3.1) and greater (p&lt;0.05) weight gain (male=2,888, female=1,637 g). The FCR under improved management is comparable to those reported in developed duck farming industries, but the final weight was notably lower than those obtained with selected lines. The use of commercial probiotics led to significant (p&lt;0.05) improvement in weight gain (male=2,930; female=1,692 g); however, it also increased the FCR (3.5; p&lt;0.05).  Conclusions:  The improvement of management conditions enhance the productivity of Muscovy ducks, but further genetic selection processes or use of selected lines is required in developing countries such as Colombia. Further studies are required to assess if probiotic supplementation can lead to improvement in Muscovy ducks farming due to the contrasting effect over the weight gain and FCR.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen  Antecedentes:  La cría de patos criollos (Cairina moschata) es una parte importante de la industria avícola en los países desarrollados. Sin embargo, la falta de programas de investigación y mejora ha llevado a resultados productivos en regiones en desarrollo donde esta raza de pato es importante para la seguridad alimentaria.  Objetivo:  Evaluar el efecto de mejoras en las condiciones de manejo y el uso de probióticos comerciales sobre el crecimiento de patos criollos en una granja semi-intensiva en Colombia.  Métodos:  Registramos la ganancia de peso y el índice de conversión alimenticia (FCR) de patos bajo tres tratamientos: Manejo de traspatio; Manejo mejorado; y Manejo mejorado más suplemento de probióticos.  Resultados:  Observamos que el sistema de crianza de traspatio conduce a ganancias de peso deficientes (machos=2.797; hembras=1.605 g) y un FCR menos eficiente (4,06). La mejora de las condiciones de manejo condujo a una mejor (p&lt;0,05) FCR (3,1) y mayor ganancia (p&lt;0,05) de peso (machos=2.888; hembras=1.637 g). El FCR observado en el manejo mejorado es comparable a los reportados en industrias desarrolladas, pero el peso final fue notablemente más bajo que los obtenidos con líneas seleccionadas. El uso de probióticos comerciales condujo a una mejora significativa (p&lt;0,05) en el aumento de peso (machos=2.930; hembras=1.692 g); sin embargo, también aumentó el FCR (3,5; p&lt;0,05).  Conclusiones:  La mejora de las condiciones de manejo aumenta la productividad de los patos criollos, pero se requieren realizar selección genética o usar líneas seleccionadas en países en desarrollo como Colombia. Se requieren más estudios para evaluar si la suplementación con probióticos puede conducir a una mejora en la cría de patos criollos debido al efecto contrastante entre la ganancia de peso y el FCR.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[Resumo  Antecedentes:  Criação de pato almiscarado (Cairina moschata) é uma parte importante da indústria avícola nos países desenvolvidos; sem embargo, a falta de programas de investigação e melhorar os resultados produtivos deficientes nas regiões desarrolho donde esta raça de pato é importante para a segurança alimentar.  Objetivo:  Avaliou o efeito de melhorias nas condições de manejo e o uso de probióticos comerciais no crescimento de patos-almiscarados em uma granja de semi-intensiva colombiana.  Métodos:  Registramos o ganho de peso e o índice de conversão alimentar (FCR) de patos baixos três tratamentos: Manejo de quintal; Manejo melhorado; e Manejo melhorado com suplemento de probióticos.  Resultados:  Observamos que o sistema de quintal conduz a ganhos de peso deficientes (machos=2.797; fêmeas=1.605 g) e uma FCR menos eficiente (4,06). A melhor das condições de manejo conduz a um FCR (3,1) maior (p&lt;0,05) e maior (p&lt;0,05) ganho de peso (machos=2.888; fêmeas=1.637 g). O FCR baixo manejo melhorado é comparável aos reportados nas indústrias de criação de patos desenvolvidos, mas o peso final é notavelmente mais baixo que os obtidos com as linhas selecionadas. O uso de probióticos comerciais conduz a uma maior significância (p&lt;0,05) no aumento de peso (machos=2.930; fêmeas=1.692 g); sem embargo, também aumentou o FCR (3,5; p&lt;0,05).  Conclusões:  A melhor das condições de manejo aumenta a produtividade dos patos-almiscarados, mas requer mais processos de seleção genética ou o uso de linhas selecionadas em países em desenvolvimento como a Colômbia. Se precisar de mais estudos para avaliar se a suplementação com probióticos pode conduzir a uma melhora na criação de patos almiscarados devido ao efeito contrastante do ganho de peso e do FCR.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[backyard ducks]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Cairina moschata]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[duck farming]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[FCR]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[growth performance]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[management]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[management]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Muscovy ducks]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[probiotics.]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[cría de patos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Cairina moschata]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[FCR]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[manejo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[patos criollos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[patos de traspatio]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[pato real]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[probióticos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[rendimiento de crecimiento]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[manejo.]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[criação de patos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Cairina moschata]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[desempenho de crescimento]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[FCR]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[patos almiscarados]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[patos crioulos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[patos de quintal]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Pato-do-mato]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[probióticos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[manejo.]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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