<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0120-0690</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Pecuarias]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev Colom Cienc Pecua]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0120-0690</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad de Antioquia]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0120-06902025000300002</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17533/udea.rccp.e355005</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Comparison of antimicrobial resistance in bacterial isolates from dogs in a veterinary diagnostic laboratory in Colombia between two consecutive four-year periods]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Comparación de resistencia antimicrobiana en aislamientos bacterianos de perros en un laboratorio de diagnóstico veterinario de Colombia entre dos períodos consecutivos de cuatro años]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Comparação da resistência antimicrobiana em isolados bacterianos de cães em um laboratório de diagnóstico veterinário na Colômbia entre dois períodos consecutivos de quatro anos]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García-Álvarez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[María Isabel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Villar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[David]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[López-Osorio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Sara]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gómez-Beltrán]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[David A]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chaparro-Gutiérrez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jenny J]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Antioquia Grupo de Investigación Centro de Investigaciones Básicas y Aplicadas en Veterinaria (CIBAV) ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria (AGROSAVIA)  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>38</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0120-06902025000300002&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0120-06902025000300002&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0120-06902025000300002&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract  Background: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and the increase in multi-drug-resistant bacteria are among the most important threats to human and veterinary medicine, according to the World Health Organization.  Objective: To compare the antimicrobial susceptibility patterns in bacterial isolates from dogs over two consecutive four-year periods.  Methods:  The Animal Microbiology Laboratory database of the Agrarian Sciences Faculty at the University of Antioquia (Medellín, Colombia) was searched for routine canine submissions in which culture and antibiograms were performed.  Results:  A total of 1,146 samples were submitted between 2020 and August 2023 for culture and susceptibility testing, from which 805 (70.2%) isolates were recovered. Of these 805 isolates, susceptibility testing was performed on 799 samples. A significant decrease in susceptibility between 2016-2019 and 2020-August 2023 was noted in dog isolates for some antimicrobials: Escherichia coli to amoxicillin-clavulanate (66.7-53.1%; p&lt;0.01) and ampicillin (67.7-58%; p&lt;0.05), Enterobacteriaceae to amikacin (100-94.3%; p&lt;0.01), ampicillin (61.8-45.7%; p&lt;0.01), and trimethoprim-sulfadiazine (83.9-75.6%; p&lt;0.05), Staphylococcus pseudointermedius to gentamicin (63.9-52.5%; p&lt;0.01), trimethoprim-sulfadiazine (57-50%; p&lt;0.05), and doxycycline (60.9-43.4%; p&lt;0.01). Significantly increased susceptibilities were also noted in E. coli to enrofloxacin (69.2-78.7%; p&lt;0.05) and doxycycline (68.7-76.2%; p=0.0745) and in Enterobacteriaceae to enrofloxacin (64.4-79.3%; p&lt;0.01), and doxycycline (38.7-47.7%; p=0.06). For all bacterial isolates, an increasing resistance trend was observed for amoxicillin-clavulanate. All Staphylococcus species showed low resistance to amikacin (&lt;10%); moderate resistance (10-20%) to amoxicillin-clavulanate, cephalexin, cefovecin, and enrofloxacin; high resistance (20-50%) to ampicillin, gentamicin, trimethoprim-sulfadiazine, and clindamycin; and very high resistance (50-70%) to doxycycline. For other bacterial families, the number of antimicrobials with high (20-50%) or very high (50-70%) resistance rates was: Enterobacteriaceae (7/9), Enterococcus spp. (4/7), E. coli (10/12), and Streptococcus spp. (4/6). For urinary tract infections caused by E. coli or Enterobacteriaceae (Klebsiella spp., Proteus spp.), amikacin and gentamicin were the only drugs that demonstrated low (&lt;10%) in vitro resistance. Multidrug resistance slightly increased from 2016-2019 (18.7%; 247/1,316) to 2020-August 2023 (19.7%; 150/761). decrease in susceptibility rather than an increase in resistance (28 vs. 20).  Conclusion: High resistance rates highlight the need for continued surveillance and reinforce the importance of antibiograms to guide clinical decisions.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[resumen está disponible en el texto completo]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[Resumo  Antecedentes:  A resistência antimicrobiana (RAM) e o aumento de bactérias multirresistentes estão entre as ameaças mais importantes à medicina humana e veterinária, de acordo com a Organização Mundial da Saúde.  Objetivo:  Comparar os padrões de suscetibilidade antimicrobiana em isolados de cães em 2 períodos consecutivos de 4 anos.  Métodos:  Pesquisamos no banco de dados do Laboratorio de Microbiología Animal da Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias da Universidad de Antioquia (Medellín, Colombia) os envios dos isolados de cães de rotina para os quais foram realizados cultura e antibiogramas. Resultados: Foram enviadas 1.146 amostras entre 2020 e agosto de 2023 para cultura e determinação de sensibilidade, das quais 805 (70,2%) isolados puderam ser recuperados. Destes 805 isolados, a sensibilidade foi determinada em 799 amostras. Foi observada uma diminuição significativa entre 2016-2019 e 2020-agosto 2023 na suscetibilidade de isolados de cães aos alguns antimicrobianos: Escherichia coli à amoxicilina-clavulanato (66,7-53,1%; p&lt;0,01) e ampicilina (67,7-58%; p&lt;0,05), Enterobacteriaceae para amicacina (100-94,3%; p&lt;0,01), ampicilina (61,8-45,7%; p&lt;0,01) e trimetoprim-sulfadiazina (83,9-75,6; p&lt;0,05), Staphylococcus pseudointermedius à gentamicina (63,9-52,5%, p&lt;0,01), trimetoprim-sulfadiazina (57-50%; p&lt;0,05) e doxiciclina (60,9-43,4%; p&lt;0,01). Suscetibilidades significativamente aumentadas também foram observadas como segue: E. coli à enrofloxacina (69,2-78,7%; p&lt;0,05), doxiciclina (68,7-76,2%; p=0,0745), Enterobacteriaceae à enrofloxacina (64,4-79,3%; p&lt;0,01) e doxiciclina (38,7-47,7%; p=0,06). Para todos os tipos de bactérias houve um aumento do padrão de resistência contra amoxicilina-clavulanato. Todas as espécies de Staphylococcus apresentaram baixa resistência à amicacina (&lt;10%); resistência moderada (10-20%) à amoxicilina-clavulanato, cefalexina, cefovecina e enrofloxacina; alta resistência (20-50%) à ampicilina, gentamicina, trimetoprim-sulfadiazina e clindamicina; e resistência muito elevada (50-70%) à doxiciclina. Para outras famílias de bactérias, o número de antimicrobianos para os quais a resistência foi alta (20-50%) ou muito alta (50-70%) foi: Enterobacteriaceae (7/9), Enterococcus spp. (4/7), E. coli (10/12) e Streptococcus spp. (4/6). Para infecções do trato urinário causadas por E. coli ou Enterobacteriaceae (Klebsiella spp., Proteus spp.), a amicacina e a gentamicina foram os únicos medicamentos que demonstraram baixa (&lt;10%) resistência in vitro. O grau de multirresistência aumentou ligeiramente no período de 2020-agosto 2023 (19,7%; 150/761 isolados) em comparação com o período de 2016-2019 (18,7%; 247/1.316). Isto foi atribuído a uma redução significativa da suscetibilidade, e não a aumentos de suscetibilidade (28 vs. 20).  Conclusões:  Altas taxas de resistência indicam vigilância contínua e o uso de antibiogramas é necessário para orientar as decisões clínicas.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[antibiotics]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[antibiogram]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[antimicrobial resistance]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[antibiotic resistant bacteria]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[dogs]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[E. coli]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[multidrug resistance]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[multi-resistance]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Staphylococcus spp.]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[susceptibility]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[antibiótico]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[antibiograma]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[E. coli]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[perros]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[multiresistencia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[resistencia a múltiples fármacos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[resistencia antimicrobiana]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[resistencia antibiótica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Staphylococcus spp.]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[susceptibilidad]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[antibiótico]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[antibiograma]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[bactérias resistentes a antibióticos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[cães]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[E. coli]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[multirresistência]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[resistência a múltiplas drogas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[resistência a antibióticos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[resistência antimicrobiana]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Staphylococcus spp.]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[suscetibilidade]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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