<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0120-100X</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista ION]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. ion]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0120-100X</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Industrial de Santander]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0120-100X2019000100035</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18273/revion.v32n1-2019003</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Una mirada al desarrollo de aditivos reductores de viscosidad y sus aplicaciones en el transporte de crudos pesados]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[An overview to development of viscosity reducer additives and its application in heavy crude oil transportation]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Um olhar sobre o desenvolvimento de aditivos para redução da viscosidade e suas aplicações no transporte de petróleo pesado]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Remolina-Campos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Sergio Arturo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Espitia-Castellanos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jaime]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Luna-Cáceres]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[César Augusto]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Patiño-Reyes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Édgar Javier]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana Seccional Bucaramanga (UPB)  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Bucaramanga ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Colombiano del Petróleo (ICP Ecopetrol S. A.)  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Bucaramanga ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>03</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2019</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>03</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2019</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>32</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>35</fpage>
<lpage>48</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0120-100X2019000100035&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0120-100X2019000100035&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0120-100X2019000100035&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen La presente revisión aborda la problemática que presentan los crudos pesados debido a su alta viscosidad, lo cual dificulta su transporte por tubería y su directa relación con la fracción de asfaltenos, cuyo apilamiento genera cambios en la reología del crudo, altas caídas de presión y mayores requerimientos energéticos en el bombeo, e incluso taponamiento de tuberías. Las investigaciones reportadas se han enfocado en predecir y elucidar la composición estructural de los asfaltenos, de lo cual se resaltan modelos que describen a los asfaltenos como sistemas de anillos aromáticos policondensados, que pueden unirse por interacciones de Van der Waals formando agregados, o también como estructuras jerárquicas de sistemas de anillos de hidrocarburos aromáticos policíclicos (PAH), que finalizan en la formación de racimos (clúster). También se resalta el modelo termodinámico coloidal, el cual predice moléculas de asfaltenos suspendidas en una fase líquida, estabilizada por resinas adsorbidas en su superficie. Una alternativa para disminuir la viscosidad de los crudos es la inclusión de aditivos, los cuales mediante interacciones moleculares apropiadas, generan la dispersión de agregados asfalténicos, reflejándose en la disminución de la viscosidad. Por ello a la hora de diseñar aditivos reductores de viscosidad pare crudos, es importante diseñar estructuras moleculares con determinados grupos funcionales asociados a aminas, amidas, alcoholes, ácidos, entre otros, que favorezcan interacciones que generen la dispersión de asfaltenos. Por ellos y con el fin de brindar un panorama amplio de esta línea de investigación tan extensa, se finaliza este documento con una revisión de algunos aditivos reductores de viscosidad, implementados por diferentes investigadores.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract The present review is addressed the problem of heavy crude oil, due to its high viscosity, making it difficult to transport by pipeline and its direct relationship with the asphaltenes fraction, whose stacking generates changes in crude rheology, high pressure drops and energy requirements in pumping and even plugging of pipes. The reported investigations have focused on predicting and elucidating the structural composition of asphaltenes, from which are highlighted the models that describe asphaltenes as polycondensed aromatic ring systems that can be bound by van der Waals interactions in aggregates, also as hierarchical structures of ring systems of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), that ends in formation of bunches (clusters). The colloidal thermodynamic model is also highlighted, which predicts that the molecules of asphaltenes are suspended in a liquid phase, stabilized by resins adsorbed on its surface. An alternative to reduce the viscosity of crudes is the inclusion of additives, which through appropriate molecular interactions generate the dispersion of asphaltenic aggregates, reflected in the decrease in viscosity. For them, when designing viscosity reducing additives for crude oils, it is important to design molecular structures with certain functional groups associated with amines, amides, alcohols, acids, among others, that favor interactions that generate asphaltene dispersion. Therefore, and in order to provide a broad overview of this line of research so extensive, this document is finalized with a review of some viscosity reducing additives implemented by different researchers.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[Resumo A presente revisão considera a problemática que apresentam os crus pesados, devido a sua alta viscosidade, dificultando o seu transporte pela tubulação e sua direita relação com a fracção de asfaltenos, cujo empilhamento gera câmbios na reologia do cru, altas perdas de pressão e maiores requerimentos energéticos no bombeamento, até o tamponamento da tubulação. As pesquisas reportadas têm se direcionado em predizer e elucidar a composição estrutural dos asfaltenos, ressaltando modelos que descrevem aos asfaltenos como sistemas de anéis aromáticos policondensados, que podem-se unir pelas interações de Van der Waals formando agregados, também como estruturas hierárquicas de sistemas de anéis de hidrocarbonetos aromáticos policíclicos (PAH), que finalizam na formação de clusters. Também se ressalta o modelo termodinâmico coloidal, o qual prediz moléculas de asfaltenos suspensas numa fase liquida, estabilizada pelas resinas adsorvidas na sua superfície. Uma alternativa para reduzir a viscosidade dos crudes é a inclusão de aditivos, que através de interações moleculares apropriadas geram a dispersão de agregados asfaltênicos, refletidos na diminuição da viscosidade. Para eles, ao projetar aditivos redutores de viscosidade para óleos crus, é importante projetar estruturas moleculares com certos grupos funcionais associados a aminas, amidas, álcoois, ácidos, entre outros, que favoreçam interações que geram dispersão de asfaltenos. Portanto, e a fim de fornecer uma visão ampla desta linha de pesquisa tão extensa, este documento é finalizado com uma revisão de alguns aditivos redutores de viscosidade implementados por diferentes pesquisadores.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Aditivo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Asfaltenos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Interacciones]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Nanoagregados]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Viscosidad]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Transporte de Crudo.]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Additive]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Asphaltenes]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Interactions]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Nanoaggregate]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Viscosity]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Transport.]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Aditivo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Asfaltenos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Nano-Cúmulos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Viscosidade]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Transporte de Cru.]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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