<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0120-100X</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista ION]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. ion]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0120-100X</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Industrial de Santander]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0120-100X2021000100111</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18273/revion.v34n1-2021009</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Hidrólisis enzimática del pasto maralfalfa (Pennisetum sp) sometido a extrusión húmeda]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Enzymatic hydrolysis of maralfalfa grass (Pennisetum sp) submmited to wet extrusión]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Hidrólise enzimática de capimmaralfalfa (Pennisetum sp) submetida a extrusão úmida]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jaimes Cruz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ligia Johana]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Menjivar Dominguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Cristian Adoni]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Montoya Almendarez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Elsy Valeska]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mendoza Orellana]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Esdras Omar]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Correa Cardona]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Héctor Jairo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Giraldo Mejía]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ángel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ruíz-Colorado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ángela Adriana]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional de Colombia Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional de Agricultura de Honduras  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Honduras</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional de Agricultura de Honduras  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Honduras</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional de Agricultura de Honduras  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Honduras</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af5">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional de Colombia Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af6">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional de Colombia Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af7">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional de Colombia Facultad de Minas ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>34</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>111</fpage>
<lpage>120</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0120-100X2021000100111&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0120-100X2021000100111&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0120-100X2021000100111&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen Se evaluó el efecto de la extrusión del pasto maralfalfa (Pennisetum sp) sobre la composición química de la pared celular y la digestibilidad in vitro de la materia seca y de la fibra en detergente neutro. Para ello se recolectaron siete muestras (10,0 kg/muestra) del mismo lote, con 51 días de rebrote y se picaron a 2 cm. Tres de estas muestras, tomadas al azar, se procesaron frescas en un extrusor de tornillo cónico girando a 1050 rpm y con salida de 3 mm, mientras que las otras cuatro fueron extruidas en el mismo equipo con salida de 1 mm. En las muestras de pasto crudo y en las de los bagazos procedentes de la extrusión se determinó el contenido de fibra en detergente neutro, fibra en detergente ácido, lignina en detergente ácido, digestibilidad in vitro de la materia seca y digestibilidad in vitro de la fibra en detergente neutro. Se aplicó la prueba de T de Student para analizar el efecto del tipo de tratamiento, tanto entre ellos como respecto al pasto fresco. Los resultados indican que, con relación al pasto fresco, la extrusión generó un bagazo con alto contenido de fibra en detergente neutro, incrementó la digestibilidad in vitro de la materia seca en 8,81% y la de la digestibilidad in vitro de la fibra en detergente neutro en 20,6%, pero no diferencia con el tamaño de la salida del extrusor (p&lt;0,1). Se concluye que el proceso de extrusión como fue aplicado al pasto maralfalfa en este experimento mejora la digestibilidad de la materiaseca y de la fibra en detergente neutro.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract The effect of extrusion of maralfalfa grass (Pennisetum sp) on the chemical composition of the cell wall and the in vitro digestibility of dry matter and fiber in neutral detergent was evaluated. Seven samples (10.0 kg/sample) were collected from the same batch, with 51 days of regrowth, and chopped 2 cm. Three of them, taken at random, were processed fresh in a conical screw extruder turning at 1050 rpm and with 3 mm output, while the other four were extruded in the same equipment with 1 mm output. In the samples of raw grass and bagasse from the extrusion, the fibre content in neutral detergent, fibre in acid detergent, lignin in acid detergent, in vitro digestibility of dry matter and in vitro digestibility fibre in neutral detergent were determined. The Student T test was applied to analyze the effect of the type of treatment, both among them and with respect to fresh grass. The results indicate that, with respect to fresh grass, the extrusion generated a bagasse with high fiber content in neutral detergent, increased the in vitro digestibility of dry matter by 8.81 % and that of fiber in neutral detergent by 20.6 %, but did not differ due to the size of the extruder outlet (p&lt;0.1). It is concluded that the extrusion process as applied to maralfalfa grass in this experiment improves the digestibility of dry matter and fiber in neutral detergent.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[Resumo Foi avaliado o efeito da extrusão do capim maralfalfa (Pennisetum sp) na composição química da parede celular e a digestibilidade in vitro da matéria seca e da fibra em detergente neutro. Sete amostras (10,0 kg/amostra) foram coletadas do mesmo lote, com 51 dias de recrescimento, e picadas 2 cm. Três deles, tomados ao acaso, foram processados frescos em uma extrusora de rosca cônica girando a 1050 rpm e com saída de 3 mm, enquanto os outros quatro foram no mesmo equipamento com saída de 1 mm. Nas amostras do capim fresco e dos bagaços da extrusão, foram determinados o teor de fibra em detergente neutro, fibra em detergente ácido, lignina em detergente ácido, digestibilidade in vitro da matéria seca e fibra em detergente neutro. O teste T de Student foi aplicado para analisar o efeito do tipo de tratamento, tanto entre eles como em relação ao capim fresco. Os resultados indicam que, em relação ao capim fresco, a extrusão gerou um bagaço com alto teor de fibra em detergente neutro, aumentou a digestibilidade in vitro da matéria seca em 8,81% e a da fibra em detergente neutro em 20,6%, mas não diferiu devido ao tamanho da saída da extrusora (p&lt;0,1). Conclui-se que o processo de extrusão aplicado ao capim-maralfalfa neste experimento melhora a digestibilidade da matéria seca e da fibra em detergente neutro.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Bagazo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Biomasa]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Delignificación]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Fibra]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[In vitro]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Bagasse]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Biomass]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Delignification]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Fiber]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[In vitro]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Bagaço]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Biomassa]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Deslignificação]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Fibra]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[In vitro]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<label>[1]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="confpro">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Correa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ceron]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arroyave]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Henao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[López]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Cooperativa Colanta, IV seminario internacional Competitividad en carne y leche]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<conf-name><![CDATA[ Pasto Maralfalfa: mitos y realidades]]></conf-name>
<conf-date>2004 nov 10-11</conf-date>
<conf-loc>Medellín, Colombia </conf-loc>
<page-range>231-74</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<label>[2]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hanna]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[WW]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gaines]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gonzales]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Monson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[WG]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effects of ploid on yield and quality of pearl millet x napiergrass hybrids]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Agron J]]></source>
<year>1984</year>
<volume>76</volume>
<page-range>669-971</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<label>[3]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Clavero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Razz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Valor nutritivo del pasto maralfalfa (Pennisetum purpureum x Pennisetum glaucum) en condiciones de defoliación]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Facultad de Agronomía]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>26</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>78-87</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<label>[4]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kolver]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ES]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Nutritional limitations to increased production on pasture based systems]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Proceedings of the Nutrition Society]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>62</volume>
<page-range>291-300</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<label>[5]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Natsir]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Fibre utilization by ruminants]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Makassar ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Masagena Pres]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<label>[6]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ferraretto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LF]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shaver]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RD]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Making sense of starch by NDF interactions]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Penn State Dairy Nutrition Workshop. Proceedings of the Penn State Dairy Nutrition Workshop]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<page-range>45-50</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Grantville, PA, United States of America ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<label>[7]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>CONPES (Consejo Nacional de Política Económica y Social)</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Política Nacional Para Mejorar La Competitividad Del Sector Lácteo Colombiano]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[República de Colombia ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Departamento Nacional de Planeación]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<label>[8]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[dos Santos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ximenes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kim]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ladisch]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Lignin&#8211;Enzyme Interactions in the Hydrolysis of Lignocellulosic Biomass]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Trends in Biotechnology]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>37</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>518-31</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<label>[9]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Agbor]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[VB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cicek]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sparling]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Berlin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Levin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DB]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Biomass pretreatment: Fundamentals toward application]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Biotechnology Advances]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>29</volume>
<page-range>675-85</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<label>[10]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Liu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Li]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Screw Extrusion Pretreatments to Enhance the Hydrolysis of Lignocellulosic Biomass]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Micr Bioch Tech]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>5</volume>
<numero>S12</numero>
<issue>S12</issue>
<page-range>5</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<label>[11]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Elgemark]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Intensively processed silage using Bio-extruder]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Uppsala, Sweden ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Animal Nutrition and Management]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<label>[12]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sanders]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KJ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The effects of extrusion on ruminal digestion and performance of ruminants]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Lubbock, TX, United States of America ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Texas Tech University]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<label>[13]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lichovnikovaa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zemanb]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kracmarb]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kleckera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The effect of the extrusion process on the digestibility of feed given to laying hens]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Anim Feed Sci and Tech]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>116</volume>
<page-range>313-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<label>[14]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tayyab]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[U]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wilkinson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reynolds]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CK]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sinclair]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LA]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Particle size distribution of forages and mixed rations, and their relationship with ration variability and performance of UK dairy herds]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Liv Sci]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>217</volume>
<page-range>108-15</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<label>[15]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>AOAC</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Official method 2002.04. Amylasetreated neutral detergent fiber in feeds using refluxng in beakers or crucibles. First action 2002. Final action 2005]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<label>[16]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>AOAC</collab>
<source><![CDATA[official method 973.18. Fiber (acid detergent) and lignin H2SO4 in animal feed. First action 1977. Final action 1977]]></source>
<year>1977</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<label>[17]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Van Soest]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PJ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Use of detergent in analysis of fibrous feeds. III. Study of effects of heating and drying on yield of fiber and Lignin Forage]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J AOAC]]></source>
<year>1965</year>
<volume>48</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>787-90</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<label>[18]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Van Soes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wine]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RH]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Determination of lignin and cellulose in acid detergent fiber with permanganate]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J AOAC]]></source>
<year>1968</year>
<volume>51</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>780-5</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<label>[19]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[López]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Roldan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Estandarización del método de la celulasa para la determinación de la digestibilidad in vitro]]></source>
<year>1991</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Medellín, Colombia ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<label>[20]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ross]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Willson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[VL]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[One-Sample T-Test]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Basic and Advanced Statistical Tests]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<page-range>9-12</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Rotterdam ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sense Publishers]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<label>[21]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Feng]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Huang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ma]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[he application of Student&#8217;st-test in internal quality control of clinical laboratory]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Front Lab Med]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>1</volume>
<page-range>125-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<label>[22]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Heinrichs]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kononoff]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Evaluating Particle Size of Forages and TMRs using the New Penn State Forage Particle Separator. DAS 02- 42]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[PA, United States of America ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Pennsylvania State University, University Park]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<label>[23]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Williams]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[van der Poel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Boer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tamminga]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Effect of Extrusion Conditions on the Fermentability of Wheat Straw and Corn Silage]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Sci Food Agr]]></source>
<year>1999</year>
<volume>74</volume>
<page-range>117-24</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<label>[24]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>National Research Council (NRC)</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<edition>Seventh Revised Edition</edition>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Washington, D C ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[National Academy Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<label>[25]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mertens]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DR]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Creating a system for meeting the fiber requirements of dairy cows]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Dairy Science]]></source>
<year>1997</year>
<volume>80</volume>
<page-range>1463-81</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<label>[26]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Poppi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hendricksen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Minson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DJ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The relative resistance to escape of leaf and stem particles from the rumen of cattle and sheep]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J. Agric. Sci]]></source>
<year>1985</year>
<volume>105</volume>
<page-range>9-14</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<label>[27]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Correa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HJ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Calidad nutricional del pasto maralfalfa (Pennisetum sp) cosechado a dos edades de rebrote]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Livestock Research for Rural Development]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>18</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>326-35</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<label>[28]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Delevatti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cardoso]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barbero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Leite]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Romanzini]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ruggieri]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RA]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effect of nitrogen application rate on yield, forage quality, and animal performance in a tropical pasture]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Sci Rep]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>9</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>7596</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<label>[29]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hassan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zewdu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Urge]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fikru]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effect of Nitrogen Fertilizer Application on Nutritive Value of Cenchrus ciliaris and Panicum Maximum Grown under Irrigation at Gode, Somali Region]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Nutr Food Sci]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<numero>^sS11:S11005</numero>
<issue>^sS11:S11005</issue>
<supplement>S11:S11005</supplement>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<label>[30]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bean]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sun]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[XS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Boyle]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Ethanol production from supercriticalfluid-extrusion cooked sorghum]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Industrial Crops and Products]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>23</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>304-10</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<label>[31]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Heredia-Olea]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pérez-Carrillo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[MontoyaChiw]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Serna-Saldívar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SO]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effects of extrusion pretreatment parameters on sweet sorghum bagasse enzymatic hydrolysis and its subsequent conversion into bioethanol]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Biomed Res Int]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>2015</volume>
<page-range>325905</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<label>[32]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barakat]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mayer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Solhy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arancon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RAD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[De Vries]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Luque]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Mechanical pretreatments of lignocellulosic biomass: towards facile and environmentally sound technologies for biofuels production]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[RSC Adv]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>4</volume>
<page-range>48109-27</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<label>[33]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Duque]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Manzanares]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ballesteros]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Extrusion as a pretreatment for lignocellulosic biomass: Fundamentals and applications]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Renew Energy]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>114</volume>
<page-range>1427-41</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<label>[34]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sanders]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KJ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The effects of extrusion on ruminal digestion and performance of ruminants]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Lubbock, Texas, United States of America ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Texas Tech University]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<label>[35]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kononoff]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Heinrichs]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lehman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HA]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Effect of Corn Silage Particle Size on Eating Behavior, Chewing Activities, and Rumen Fermentation in Lactating Dairy Cows]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Dairy Science]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>86</volume>
<numero>10</numero>
<issue>10</issue>
<page-range>3343-53</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<label>[36]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Khullar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dien]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rausch]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tumbleson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ME]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Singh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effect of particle size on enzymatic hydrolysis of pretreated Miscanthus]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Industrial Crops and Products]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>44</volume>
<page-range>11-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<label>[37]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bellet]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Besle]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Demarquilly]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Ammonia treatment of lucerne and cocksfoot harvested at two growth stages: Effect on cell wall composition and digestibility]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Champanelle, Francia ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<label>[38]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gosselink]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JMJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dulphy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Poncet]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jailler]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tamminga]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cone]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JW]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Prediction of forage digestibility in ruminants using in situ and in vitro techniques]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Animal Feed Science and Technology]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>115</volume>
<numero>3-4</numero>
<issue>3-4</issue>
<page-range>227-46</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
