0120-159X
0120-159X
S0120-159X2023000100269
10.15446/rcs.v46n1/92435
Colombia
Colombia
Ecuador
00
06
2023
00
06
2023
46
1
269
292
[
2016
]
[
2003
11
23
23
37-68
]
[
2021
]
[
2019
]
[
2018
23
83
83
543-62
]
[
2019
21
41
41
51-70
]
[
2016
29
87
87
114-31
]
[
2017
5
6
6
185-207
]
[
2020
23
54
54
61-83
]
[
2020
9
8
8
1-17
]
[
2020
14
1
1
71-94
]
[
2012
880
]
[
2006
]
[
1997
]
[
2014
1
1
1
81-107
]
[
2008
]
[
1996
9596
04
04
1-66
]
[
2014
32
3
3
963-94
]
[
2015
65
263
263
103-27
]
[
2015
]
[
2017
]
[
2018
]
[
2006
5
1
1
1-30
]
[
2007
]
[
2018
]
[
2005
]
[
2004
]
[
2003
18
37
37
297-312
]
[
2013
1
16
16
207-29
]
[
2015
181
46
46
185-204
]
[
2010
36
3
3
731-53
]
[
1993
183-223
]
[
2009
3
1
1
43-84
]
[
1997
]
[
2013
Seventh Edition
]
[
2018
70
2
2
165-93
]
[
2019
]
[
2005
]
[
2008
39
52
52
11-28
]
[
2012
12
2
2
1-23
]
[
2017
56
2
2
94-110
]
[
2011
11
1
1
1-25
]
[
1997
]
[
2000
]
[
2000
35
51
51
4525-33
]
[
2016
17
113
113
471-94
]
[
1996
]
[
2008
]
[
2004
]
[
2008
1
64
64
5-18
]
[
2004
]
[
2011
64
2
2
644-68
]
[
2012
]
[
2012
]
[
2009
19
39
39
286-96
]
[
2016
]
[
2001
]
[
2012
]
[
2015
]
[
OECD
2007
]
[
1974
]
[
2010
]
[
2006
545
]
[
2017
52
52
52
12-5
]
[
2005
1
030
030
77-97
]
[
2017
19
4
4
495-524
]
[
2003
22-42
]
[
2002
]
[
UNCTAD
2007
]
[
UNCTAD
2020
]
[
2017
93
5
5
1131-47
]
[
2008
12
1
1
19-20
]
[
1999
7-49
]
[
World Bank
2020
]
[
WTO
1998
]
[
WTO
2015
]
[
WTO
2019
]
[
WTO
2019
a
]
[
WTO.
2019
b
]
[
WTO
2019
c
]
[
WTO
2020
]
[
2016
12
23
23
85-103
]