<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0120-1751</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Colombiana de Estadística]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev.Colomb.Estad.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0120-1751</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Departamento de Estadística - Universidad Nacional de Colombia.]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0120-17512011000300005</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Pseudo Stochastic Dominance. Applications]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Cuasi dominancia estocástica. Aplicaciones]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[ALMARAZ-LUENGO]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ELENA]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Complutense de Madrid Facultad de Ciencias Matemáticas Departamento de Estadística e Investigación Operativa]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Madrid ]]></addr-line>
<country>España</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>15</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2011</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>15</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2011</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>34</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<fpage>461</fpage>
<lpage>476</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0120-17512011000300005&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0120-17512011000300005&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0120-17512011000300005&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[The aim of this work is to show that on certain ocasions classic decision rules used in the context of options (Stochastic Dominance criteria and Mean-Variance rules) do not provide a selection of one specific option over the other, therefore, the need of working with other criteria that can help us in our choice. We place special interest in economic and financial applications.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[El objetivo de este trabajo es mostrar que en ocasiones las reglas clásicas de decisión sobre inversiones (reglas de Dominancia Estocástica y reglas de Media-Varianza) no siempre conducen a una selección de una inversión sobre otra, surgiendo la necesidad de trabajar con otros criterios que ayudan en dicha elección cuando los clásicos no conducen a ninguna selección concreta. Se pone principal interés en las aplicaciones de carácter económico-financiero.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Mean]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Variance]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Stochastic dominance]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[dominancia estocástica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[media]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[varianza]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><body><![CDATA[  <font size="2" face="verdana">      <p> <b> <font size="4">     <center> Pseudo Stochastic Dominance. Applications </center> </font> </b> </p>      <p> <b> <font size="3">     <center> Cuasi dominancia estoc&aacute;stica. Aplicaciones </center> </font> </b> </p>      <p>     <center> ELENA ALMARAZ-LUENGO<sup>1</sup> </center> </p>      <p> <sup>1</sup>Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias Matem&aacute;ticas, Departamento de Estad&iacute;stica e Investigaci&oacute;n Operativa, Madrid, Espa&ntilde;a. Professor. Email: <a href="mailto:ealmarazluengo@mat.ucm.es">ealmarazluengo@mat.ucm.es</a>     <br> </p>  <hr size="1">      <p> <b>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<center> Abstract </center> </b> </p>      <p> The aim of this work is to show that on certain ocasions classic decision rules used in the context of options (Stochastic Dominance criteria and Mean-Variance rules) do not provide a selection of one specific option over the other, therefore, the need of working with other criteria that can help us in our choice. We place special interest in economic and financial applications. </p>      <p> <b> Key words: </b> Mean, Variance, Stochastic dominance. </p>  <hr size="1">      <p> <b>     <center> Resumen </center> </b> </p>      <p> El objetivo de este trabajo es mostrar que en ocasiones las reglas cl&aacute;sicas de decisi&oacute;n sobre inversiones (reglas de Dominancia Estoc&aacute;stica y reglas de Media-Varianza) no siempre conducen a una selecci&oacute;n de una inversi&oacute;n sobre otra, surgiendo la necesidad de trabajar con otros criterios que ayudan en dicha elecci&oacute;n cuando los cl&aacute;sicos no conducen a ninguna selecci&oacute;n concreta. Se pone principal inter&eacute;s en las aplicaciones de car&aacute;cter econ&oacute;mico-financiero. </p>      <p> <b> Palabras clave: </b> dominancia estoc&aacute;stica, media, varianza. </p>  <hr size="1">      <p> Texto completo disponible en <a href="pdf/rce/v34n3/v34n3a05.pdf">PDF</a> </p>  <hr size="1">      <p> <b> <font size="3"> References </font> </b> </p>       <!-- ref --><p> 1. Almaraz, E. (2009), Cuestiones notables de ordenaci&oacute;n estoc&aacute;stica en optimaci&oacute;n financiera, Tesis de Doctorado, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Ciencias Matem&aacute;ticas. Departamento de Estad&iacute;stica e Investigaci&oacute;n Operativa, Madrid.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=000022&pid=S0120-1751201100030000500001&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --> </p>      <!-- ref --><p> 2. Almaraz, E. (2010), Reglas de decisi&oacute;n en ambiente de riesgo, Tesis de Master, Universidad Nacional de Eduaci&oacute;n a Distancia, Facultad de Ciencias Matem&aacute;ticas. Departamento de Estad&iacute;stica e Investigaci&oacute;n Operativa, Madrid.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=000024&pid=S0120-1751201100030000500002&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --> </p>      <!-- ref --><p> 3. Bali, T., Demirtas, K., Levy, H. & Wolf, A. (2009), 'Bond versus Stock: Investors' Age and Risk Taking', <i>http://ssrn.com/abstract936648</i>.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=000026&pid=S0120-1751201100030000500003&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --> </p>      <!-- ref --><p> 4. Baumol, W. (1963), 'An expected gain-confidence limit criterion for portfolio selection', <i>Management Science</i> <b>10</b>, 174-182.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=000028&pid=S0120-1751201100030000500004&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --> </p>      <!-- ref --><p> 5. Bernstein, P. (1976), 'The time of your life', <i>Journal of Portfolio Management</i> <b>2</b>(4), 4-7.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=000030&pid=S0120-1751201100030000500005&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --> </p>      <!-- ref --><p> 6. Latan&eacute;, H. (1959), 'Criteria for choice among risky ventures', <i>Journal of Political Economy</i> <b>67</b>(2), 144-155.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=000032&pid=S0120-1751201100030000500006&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --> </p>      <!-- ref --><p> 7. Leshno, M. & Levy, H. (2002), 'Preferred by all and preferred by most decision makers: almost stochastic dominance', <i>Management Science</i> <b>48</b>(8), 1074-1085.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=000034&pid=S0120-1751201100030000500007&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --> </p>      <!-- ref --><p> 8. Leshno, M. & Levy, H. (2004), 'Stochastic dominance and medical decision ma-king', <i>Health Care Management Science</i> <b>7</b>, 207-2215.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=000036&pid=S0120-1751201100030000500008&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --> </p>      <!-- ref --><p> 9. Levy, M. (2009), 'Almost stochastic dominance and stocks for the long run', <i>European Journal of Operational Research</i> <b>194</b>, 250-257.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=000038&pid=S0120-1751201100030000500009&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --> </p>      <!-- ref --><p> 10. Markowitz, H. (1976), 'Investment for the long run: New evidence for an old rule', <i>Journal of Finance</i> <b>31</b>, 1273-1286.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=000040&pid=S0120-1751201100030000500010&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --> </p>      <!-- ref --><p> 11. Shaked, M. & Shanthikumar, G. (2007), <i>Stochastic Orders</i>, Springer Series in Statistics, Springer Series in Statistics.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=000042&pid=S0120-1751201100030000500011&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --> </p>      <!-- ref --><p> 12. Steinbach, M. C. (2001), 'Markowitz revisited: mean-variance models in financial portfolio analysis', <i>SIAM Review</i> <b>43</b>(1), 31-85.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=000044&pid=S0120-1751201100030000500012&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --> </p>  <hr size="1">      <center> <b>&#91;Recibido en septiembre de 2010. Aceptado en julio de 2011&#93;</b> </center> <hr size="1">      <p> Este art&iacute;culo se puede citar en <i>LaTeX</i> utilizando la siguiente referencia bibliogr&aacute;fica de <i>BibTeX</i>: </p> <code><font size="2">@ARTICLE{RCEv34n3a05,    <br>  &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; AUTHOR &nbsp;= {Almaraz-Luengo, Elena},    <br>  &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; TITLE &nbsp; = {{Pseudo Stochastic Dominance. Applications}},    <br>  &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; JOURNAL = {Revista Colombiana de Estad&iacute;stica},    <br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; YEAR &nbsp;&nbsp; = {2011},    <br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; volume &nbsp;= {34},    ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; number &nbsp;= {3},    <br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; pages &nbsp; = {461-476}    <br> }</font></code>  <hr size="1"> </font>      ]]></body><back>
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