<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0120-1751</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Colombiana de Estadística]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev.Colomb.Estad.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0120-1751</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Departamento de Estadística - Universidad Nacional de Colombia.]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0120-17512012000100007</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Intraday-patterns in the Colombian Exchange Market Index and VaR: Evaluation of Different Approaches]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Patrones del IGBC y valor en riesgo: evaluación del desempeño de diferentes metodologías para datos intra-día]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[ALONSO-CIFUENTES]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JULIO CÉSAR]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[SERNA-CORTÉS]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MANUEL]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A02"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Icesi Facultad de Ciencias Administrativas y Económicas Cienfi - Departamento de Economía]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Cali ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A02">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Icesi Facultad de Ciencias Administrativas y Económicas Cienfi - Departamento de Economía]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Cali ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>15</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2012</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>15</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2012</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>35</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>109</fpage>
<lpage>129</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0120-17512012000100007&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0120-17512012000100007&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0120-17512012000100007&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[This paper evaluates the performance of 16 different parametric, non-parametric and one semi-parametric specifications to calculate the Value at Risk (VaR) for the Colombian Exchange Market Index (IGBC). Using high frequency data (10-minute returns), we model the variance of the returns using GARCH and TGARCH models, that take in account the leverage effect, the day-of-the-week effect, and the hour-of-the-day effect. We estimate those models under two assumptions regarding returns behavior: Normal distribution and t distribution. This exercise is performed using two different ten-minute intraday samples: 2006-2007 and 2008-2009. For the first sample, we found that the best model is a TGARCH(1,1) without day-of the week or hour-of-the-day effects. For the 2008-2009 sample, we found that the model with the correct conditional VaR coverage would be the GARCH(1,1) with the day-of-the-week effect, and the hour-of-the-day effect. Both methods perform better under the t distribution assumption.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[El documento evalúa el desempeño de 16 métodos paramétricos, uno no paramétrico y uno semiparamétrico, para estimar el VaR (Valor en Riesgo) de un portafolio conformado por el Índice General de la Bolsa de Valores de Colombia (IGBC). El ejercicio se realiza analizando dos muestras de datos intra-día con una periodicidad de 10 minutos para los períodos 2006-2007 y 2008-2009. Los modelos paramétricos evaluados consideran la presencia o no de patrones de comportamiento, tales como: el efecto "Leverage", el efecto día de la semana, el efecto hora y el efecto día-hora. Nuestros resultados muestran que para la primera muestra el mejor modelo es un TGARCH(1,1) sin el efecto día de la semana ni la hora del día y bajo el supuesto de una distribución t. Para la segunda muestra, 2008-2009, el método que presenta el mejor comportamiento corresponde al modelo GARCH(1,1), que tiene en cuenta el efecto del día y la hora. Estos dos modelos presentan una correcta cobertura condicional y menor función de pérdida.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Leverage]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Finance]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[GARCH model]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Risk estimation]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Stock returns]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[apalancamiento]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[estimación de riesgo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[finanzas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[GARCH]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[rendimientos financieros]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><body><![CDATA[  <font size="2" face="verdana">      <p> <b> <font size="4">     <center> Intraday-patterns in the Colombian Exchange Market Index and VaR: Evaluation of Different Approaches </center> </font> </b> </p>      <p> <b> <font size="3">     <center> Patrones del IGBC y valor en riesgo: evaluaci&oacute;n del desempe&ntilde;o de diferentes metodolog&iacute;as para datos intra-d&iacute;a </center> </font> </b> </p>      <p>     <center> JULIO CÉSAR ALONSO-CIFUENTES<sup>1</sup>,  MANUEL SERNA-CORTÉS<sup>2</sup> </center> </p>      <p> <sup>1</sup>Universidad Icesi, Facultad de Ciencias Administrativas y Econ&oacute;micas, Cienfi - Departamento de Econom&iacute;a, Cali, Colombia. Professor. Email: <a href="mailto:jcalonso@icesi.edu.co">jcalonso@icesi.edu.co</a>     <br>  <sup>2</sup>Universidad Icesi, Facultad de Ciencias Administrativas y Econ&oacute;micas, Cienfi - Departamento de Econom&iacute;a, Cali, Colombia. Research Assistant. Email: <a href="mailto:mserna.cortes@gmail.com">mserna.cortes@gmail.com</a>     <br> </p>  <hr size="1">      ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p> <b>     <center> Abstract </center> </b> </p>      <p> This paper evaluates the performance of 16 different parametric, non-parametric and one semi-parametric specifications to calculate the Value at Risk (VaR) for the Colombian Exchange Market Index (IGBC). Using high frequency data (10-minute returns), we model the variance of the returns using GARCH and TGARCH models, that take in account the leverage effect, the day-of-the-week effect, and the hour-of-the-day effect. We estimate those models under two assumptions regarding returns behavior: Normal distribution and t distribution. This exercise is performed using two different ten-minute intraday samples: 2006-2007 and 2008-2009. For the first sample, we found that the best model is a TGARCH(1,1) without day-of the week or hour-of-the-day effects. For the 2008-2009 sample, we found that the model with the correct conditional VaR coverage would be the GARCH(1,1) with the day-of-the-week effect, and the hour-of-the-day effect. Both methods perform better under the t distribution assumption. </p>      <p> <b> Key words: </b> Leverage, Finance, GARCH model, Risk estimation, Stock returns. </p>  <hr size="1">      <p> <b>     <center> Resumen </center> </b> </p>      <p> El documento evalúa el desempe&ntilde;o de 16 m&eacute;todos param&eacute;tricos, uno no param&eacute;trico y uno semiparam&eacute;trico, para estimar el VaR (Valor en Riesgo) de un portafolio conformado por el Índice General de la Bolsa de Valores de Colombia (IGBC). El ejercicio se realiza analizando dos muestras de datos intra-d&iacute;a con una periodicidad de 10 minutos para los per&iacute;odos 2006-2007 y 2008-2009. Los modelos param&eacute;tricos evaluados consideran la presencia o no de patrones de comportamiento, tales como: el efecto "Leverage", el efecto d&iacute;a de la semana, el efecto hora y el efecto d&iacute;a-hora. Nuestros resultados muestran que para la primera muestra el mejor modelo es un TGARCH(1,1) sin el efecto d&iacute;a de la semana ni la hora del d&iacute;a y bajo el supuesto de una distribuci&oacute;n t. Para la segunda muestra, 2008-2009, el m&eacute;todo que presenta el mejor comportamiento corresponde al modelo GARCH(1,1), que tiene en cuenta el efecto del d&iacute;a y la hora. Estos dos modelos presentan una correcta cobertura condicional y menor funci&oacute;n de p&eacute;rdida. </p>      <p> <b> Palabras clave: </b> apalancamiento, estimaci&oacute;n de riesgo, finanzas, GARCH, rendimientos financieros. </p>  <hr size="1">      <p> Texto completo disponible en <a href="pdf/rce/v35n1/v35n1a07.pdf">PDF</a> </p>  <hr size="1">      <p> <b> <font size="3"> References </font> </b> </p>       ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<!-- ref --><p> 1. Alonso, J. C. &amp; Arcos, M. A. (2006), 'Cuatro hechos estilizados de las series de rendimientos: una ilustraci&oacute;n para Colombia', <i>Estudios Gerenciales</i> <b>22</b>(110). &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=000023&pid=S0120-1751201200010000700001&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><p> 2. Alonso, J. C. &amp; Berggrun, L. (2008), <i>Introducci&oacute;n al An&aacute;lisis de Riesgo Financiero</i>, Colecci&oacute;n Discernir. Serie Ciencias Administrativas y Econ&oacute;micas, Universidad ICESI, Cali, Colombia. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=000024&pid=S0120-1751201200010000700002&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><p> 3. Alonso, J. C. &amp; Garc&iacute;a, J. C. (2009), '?'qu&eacute; tan buenos son los patrones del IGBC para predecir su comportamiento?: una aplicaci&oacute;n con datos de alta frecuencia', <i>Estudios Gerenciales</i> <b>25</b>(112), 1-50. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=000025&pid=S0120-1751201200010000700003&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><p> 4. Alonso, J. C. &amp; Romero, F. (2009), The day-of-the-week effect: the Colombian exchange rate and stock market case, 'Selected Abstracts and Papers. Latin American Research Consortium 2009', p. 112-120. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=000026&pid=S0120-1751201200010000700004&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><p> 5. Andersen, T. G. &amp; Bollerslev, T. (1997), 'Intraday periodicity and volatility persistence in financial markets', <i>The Journal of Empirical Finance</i> <b>4</b>(2-3), 115-158. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=000027&pid=S0120-1751201200010000700005&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><p> 6. Berument, H. &amp; Kiymaz, H. (2003), 'The day of the week effect on stock market volatility and volume: international evidence', <i>Review of Financial Economics</i> <b>12</b>(3), 363-380. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=000028&pid=S0120-1751201200010000700006&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><p> 7. Bollerslev, T. (1986), 'Generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity', <i>Journal of Econometrics</i> <b>31</b>(3), 307-327. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=000029&pid=S0120-1751201200010000700007&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><p> 8. Brooks, C. (2008), <i>Introductory Econometrics for Finance</i>, Cambridge University Press, London edition 2. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=000030&pid=S0120-1751201200010000700008&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><p> 9. Christoffersen, P. (1998), 'Evaluating interval forecasts', <i>International Economic Review</i> <b>39</b>(4), 841-862. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=000031&pid=S0120-1751201200010000700009&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><p> 10. Dowd, K. (2005), <i>Measuring Market Risk</i>, 2 edn, John Wiley &amp; Sons Ltd, England. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=000032&pid=S0120-1751201200010000700010&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><p> 11. Giot, P. (2000), Intraday value-at-risk, CORE Discussion Papers 2000045, Universit&eacute; Catholique de Louvain, Center for Operations Research and Econometrics (CORE). &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=000033&pid=S0120-1751201200010000700011&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><p> 12. Giot, P. (2005), 'Market risk models for intraday data', <i>European Journal of Finance</i> <b>11</b>, 309-324. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=000034&pid=S0120-1751201200010000700012&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><p> 13. Glosten, L., Jagannathan, R. &amp; Runkle, D. E. (1993), 'On the relation between the expected value and the volatility of the nominal excess return on stocks', <i>Journal of Finance</i> <b>48</b>(5), 1779-1801. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=000035&pid=S0120-1751201200010000700013&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><p> 14. Kamath, R. &amp; Chinpiao, L. (2010), 'An investigation of the day-of-the-week effect on the Istanbul stock exchange of Turkey', <i>Journal of International Business Research</i> <b>9</b>(1), 15-27. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=000036&pid=S0120-1751201200010000700014&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><p> 15. Kupiec, P. H. (1995), 'Techniques for verifying the accuracy of risk measurement models', <i>Journal of Derivatives</i> <b>3</b>(2), 73-84. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=000037&pid=S0120-1751201200010000700015&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><p> 16. L&oacute;pez, J. A. (1998), 'Methods for evaluating value at risk estimates', <i>Economic Policy Review</i> <b>4</b>(3). &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=000038&pid=S0120-1751201200010000700016&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><p> 17. Mittal, S. K. &amp; Jain, S. (2009), 'Stock market behaviour: evidences from Indian market', <i>Vision</i> <b>13</b>(3), 19-29. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=000039&pid=S0120-1751201200010000700017&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><p> 18. Nocera, J. (2009), 'Risk mismanagement', <i>The New York Times</i>. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=000040&pid=S0120-1751201200010000700018&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><p> 19. Panas, E. (2005), 'Generalized Beta distributions for describing and analysing intraday stock market data: Testing the U-shape pattern', <i>Applied Economics</i> <b>37</b>(2), 191-199. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=000041&pid=S0120-1751201200010000700019&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><!-- ref --><p> 20. Rivera, D. M. (2009), 'Modelaci&oacute;n del efecto del d&iacute;a de la semana para los &iacute;ndices accionarios de Colombia mediante un modelo STAR GARCH', <i>Revista de Econom&iacute;a del Rosario</i> <b>12</b>(1), 1-24. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=000042&pid=S0120-1751201200010000700020&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --><center> <b>&#91;Recibido en agosto de 2010. Aceptado en enero de 2011&#93;</b> </center> <hr size="1">      <p> Este art&iacute;culo se puede citar en <i>LaTeX</i> utilizando la siguiente referencia bibliogr&aacute;fica de <i>BibTeX</i>: </p> <code><font size="2">@ARTICLE{RCEv35n1a07,    <br>   AUTHOR = {Alonso-Cifuentes, Julio C&eacute;sar and Serna-Cort&eacute;s, Manuel},    <br>   TITLE  = {{Intraday-patterns in the Colombian Exchange Market Index and VaR: Evaluation of Different Approaches}},    <br>   JOURNAL = {Revista Colombiana de Estad&iacute;stica},    <br>  YEAR  = {2012},    <br>  volume = {35},    <br>  number = {1},    <br>  pages  = {109-129}    <br> }</font></code>  <hr size="1"> </font>     ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[ ]]></body><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<label>1</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alonso]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arcos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA['Cuatro hechos estilizados de las series de rendimientos: una ilustración para Colombia']]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Estudios Gerenciales]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>22</volume>
<numero>110</numero>
<issue>110</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<label>2</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alonso]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Berggrun]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Introducción al Análisis de Riesgo Financiero]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Cali ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad ICESI]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<label>3</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alonso]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA['?'qué tan buenos son los patrones del IGBC para predecir su comportamiento?: una aplicación con datos de alta frecuencia']]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Estudios Gerenciales]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>25</volume>
<numero>112</numero>
<issue>112</issue>
<page-range>1-50</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<label>4</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alonso]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Romero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[The day-of-the-week effect: the Colombian exchange rate and stock market case]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA['Selected Abstracts and Papers. Latin American Research Consortium 2009']]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<page-range>112-120</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<label>5</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Andersen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T. G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bollerslev]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA['Intraday periodicity and volatility persistence in financial markets']]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The Journal of Empirical Finance]]></source>
<year>1997</year>
<volume>4</volume>
<numero>2-3</numero>
<issue>2-3</issue>
<page-range>115-158</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<label>6</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Berument]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kiymaz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA['The day of the week effect on stock market volatility and volume: international evidence']]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Review of Financial Economics]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>363-380</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<label>7</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bollerslev]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA['Generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity']]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Econometrics]]></source>
<year>1986</year>
<volume>31</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>307-327</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<label>8</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brooks]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Introductory Econometrics for Finance]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Cambridge University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<label>9</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Christoffersen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA['Evaluating interval forecasts']]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[International Economic Review]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
<volume>39</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>841-862</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<label>10</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dowd]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Measuring Market Risk]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<edition>2</edition>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[John Wiley & Sons Ltd]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<label>11</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Giot]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Intraday value-at-risk]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Université Catholique de Louvain, Center for Operations Research and Econometrics (CORE)]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<label>12</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Giot]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA['Market risk models for intraday data']]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[European Journal of Finance]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>11</volume>
<page-range>309-324</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<label>13</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Glosten]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jagannathan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Runkle]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA['On the relation between the expected value and the volatility of the nominal excess return on stocks']]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Finance]]></source>
<year>1993</year>
<volume>48</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>1779-1801</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<label>14</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kamath]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chinpiao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA['An investigation of the day-of-the-week effect on the Istanbul stock exchange of Turkey']]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of International Business Research]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>9</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>15-27</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<label>15</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kupiec]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P. H.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA['Techniques for verifying the accuracy of risk measurement models']]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Derivatives]]></source>
<year>1995</year>
<volume>3</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>73-84</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<label>16</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[López]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA['Methods for evaluating value at risk estimates']]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Economic Policy Review]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
<volume>4</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<label>17</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mittal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jain]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA['Stock market behaviour: evidences from Indian market']]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Vision]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>13</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>19-29</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<label>18</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nocera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA['Risk mismanagement']]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The New York Times]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<label>19</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Panas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA['Generalized Beta distributions for describing and analysing intraday stock market data: Testing the U-shape pattern']]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Applied Economics]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>37</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>191-199</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<label>20</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rivera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA['Modelación del efecto del día de la semana para los índices accionarios de Colombia mediante un modelo STAR GARCH']]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista de Economía del Rosario]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>1-24</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
