<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0120-1751</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Colombiana de Estadística]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev.Colomb.Estad.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0120-1751</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Departamento de Estadística - Universidad Nacional de Colombia.]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0120-17512013000100010</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Partial Least Squares Regression on Symmetric Positive-Definite Matrices]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Regresión de mínimos cuadrados parciales sobre matrices simétricas definidas positiva]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[PÉREZ]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RAÚL ALBERTO]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A01"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[GONZÁLEZ-FARIAS]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GRACIELA]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A02"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="A01">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional de Colombia Facultad de Ciencias Escuela de Estadística]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Medellín ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A02">
<institution><![CDATA[,CIMAT-México Unidad Monterrey Departamento de Probabilidad y Estadística ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Monterrey Nuevo León ]]></addr-line>
<country>México</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>15</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2013</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>15</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2013</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>36</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>177</fpage>
<lpage>192</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0120-17512013000100010&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0120-17512013000100010&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0120-17512013000100010&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Recientemente ha habido un aumento en el interés de analizar diferentes tipos de datos variedad-valuados, dentro de los cuáles aparecen los datos de matrices simétricas definidas positivas. En muchos estudios de análisis de imágenes médicas cerebrales, es de interés principal establecer la asociación entre un conjunto de covariables y los datos variedad-valuados que son considerados como respuesta, con el fin de caracterizar las diferencias y formas en ciertas estructuras sub-corticales. Debido a que los datos variedad-valuados no forman un espacio vectorial, no es adecuado aplicar directamente las técnicas estadísticas clásicas, ya que ciertas operaciones sobre espacio vectoriales no están definidas en una variedad riemanniana general. En este artículo se realiza una aplicación de la metodología de regresión de mínimos cuadrados parciales, para el entorno de un número grande de covariables en un espacio euclídeo y una o varias respuestas que viven una variedad curvada llamada espacio simétrico Riemanniano. Para poder llevar a cabo la aplicación de dicha técnica se utilizan el mapa exponencial Riemanniano y el mapa log Riemanniano sobre el conjunto de matrices simétricas positivas definida, mediante los cuales se transforman los datos a un espacio vectorial en donde se pueden aplicar técnicas estadísticas clásicas. La metodología es evaluada por medio de un conjunto de datos simulados en donde se analiza el comportamiento de la técnica con respecto a la regresión por componentes principales.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Recently there has been an increased interest in the analysis of different types of manifold-valued data, which include data from symmetric positive-definite matrices. In many studies of medical cerebral image analysis, a major concern is establishing the association among a set of covariates and the manifold-valued data, which are considered as responses for characterizing the shapes of certain subcortical structures and the differences between them. The manifold-valued data do not form a vector space, and thus, it is not adequate to apply classical statistical techniques directly, as certain operations on vector spaces are not defined in a general Riemannian manifold. In this article, an application of the partial least squares regression methodology is performed for a setting with a large number of covariates in a euclidean space and one or more responses in a curved manifold, called a Riemannian symmetric space. To apply such a technique, the Riemannian exponential map and the Riemannian logarithmic map are used on a set of symmetric positive-definite matrices, by which the data are transformed into a vector space, where classic statistical techniques can be applied. The methodology is evaluated using a set of simulated data, and the behavior of the technique is analyzed with respect to the principal component regression.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[multicolinealidad]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[regresión]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[teoría de matrices]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[variedad\linebreak Riemanniana]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Matrix theory]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Multicollinearity]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Regression]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Riemann\linebreak manifold]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><body><![CDATA[  <font size="2" face="verdana">      <p> <b> <font size="4">     <center> Partial Least Squares Regression on Symmetric Positive-Definite Matrices </center> </font> </b> </p>      <p> <b> <font size="3">     <center> Regresi&oacute;n de m&iacute;nimos cuadrados parciales sobre matrices sim&eacute;tricas definidas positiva </center> </font> </b> </p>      <p>     <center> RA&Uacute;L ALBERTO P&Eacute;REZ<sup>1</sup>,  GRACIELA GONZ&Aacute;LEZ-FARIAS<sup>2</sup> </center> </p>      <p> <sup>1</sup>Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Facultad de Ciencias, Escuela de Estad&iacute;stica, Medell&iacute;n, Colombia. Assistant Professor. Email: <a href="mailto:raperez1@unal.edu.co">raperez1@unal.edu.co</a>     <br>  <sup>2</sup>CIMAT-M&eacute;xico Unidad Monterrey, Departamento de Probabilidad y Estad&iacute;stica, Monterrey Nuevo Le&oacute;n, M&eacute;xico. Associate Professor. Email: <a href="mailto:gmfarias@cimat.mx">gmfarias@cimat.mx</a>     <br> </p>  <hr size="1">      ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p> <b>     <center> Abstract </center> </b> </p>      <p> Recientemente ha habido un aumento en el inter&eacute;s de analizar diferentes tipos de datos variedad-valuados, dentro de los cu&aacute;les aparecen los datos de matrices sim&eacute;tricas definidas positivas. En muchos estudios de an&aacute;lisis de im&aacute;genes m&eacute;dicas cerebrales, es de inter&eacute;s principal establecer la asociaci&oacute;n entre un conjunto de covariables y los datos variedad-valuados que son considerados como respuesta, con el fin de caracterizar las diferencias y formas en ciertas estructuras sub-corticales.     <br>  Debido a que los datos variedad-valuados no forman un espacio vectorial, no es adecuado aplicar directamente las t&eacute;cnicas estad&iacute;sticas cl&aacute;sicas, ya que ciertas operaciones sobre espacio vectoriales no est&aacute;n definidas en una variedad riemanniana general. En este art&iacute;culo se realiza una aplicaci&oacute;n de la metodolog&iacute;a de regresi&oacute;n de m&iacute;nimos cuadrados parciales, para el entorno de un n&uacute;mero grande de covariables en un espacio eucl&iacute;deo y una o varias respuestas que viven una variedad curvada llamada espacio sim&eacute;trico Riemanniano. Para poder llevar a cabo la aplicaci&oacute;n de dicha t&eacute;cnica se utilizan el mapa exponencial Riemanniano y el mapa log Riemanniano sobre el conjunto de matrices sim&eacute;tricas positivas definida, mediante los cuales se transforman los datos a un espacio vectorial en donde se pueden aplicar t&eacute;cnicas estad&iacute;sticas cl&aacute;sicas. La metodolog&iacute;a es evaluada por medio de un conjunto de datos simulados en donde se analiza el comportamiento de la t&eacute;cnica con respecto a la regresi&oacute;n por componentes principales. </p>      <p> <b> Key words: </b> multicolinealidad, regresi&oacute;n, teor&iacute;a de matrices, variedad\linebreak Riemanniana. </p>  <hr size="1">      <p> <b>     <center> Resumen </center> </b> </p>      <p> Recently there has been an increased interest in the analysis of different types of manifold-valued data, which include data from symmetric positive-definite matrices. In many studies of medical cerebral image analysis, a major concern is establishing the association among a set of covariates and the manifold-valued data, which are considered as responses for characterizing the shapes of certain subcortical structures and the differences between them.     <br>  The manifold-valued data do not form a vector space, and thus, it is not adequate to apply classical statistical techniques directly, as certain operations on vector spaces are not defined in a general Riemannian manifold. In this article, an application of the partial least squares regression methodology is performed for a setting with a large number of covariates in a euclidean space and one or more responses in a curved manifold, called a Riemannian symmetric space. To apply such a technique, the Riemannian exponential map and the Riemannian logarithmic map are used on a set of symmetric positive-definite matrices, by which the data are transformed into a vector space, where classic statistical techniques can be applied. The methodology is evaluated using a set of simulated data, and the behavior of the technique is analyzed with respect to the principal component regression. </p>      <p> <b> Palabras clave: </b> Matrix theory, Multicollinearity, Regression, Riemann\linebreak manifold. </p>  <hr size="1">      ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<p> Texto completo disponible en <a href="pdf/rce/v36n1/v36n1a10.pdf">PDF</a> </p>  <hr size="1">      <p> <b> <font size="3"> References </font> </b> </p>       <!-- ref --><p> 1. Arsigny, V., Fillard, P., Pennec, X. & Ayache, N. (2006), 'Log-euclidean metrics for fast and simple calculus on diffusion tensors', <i>Magnetic Resonance in Medicine,</i> <b>56</b>, 411-421.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=000025&pid=S0120-1751201300010001000001&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --> </p>      <!-- ref --><p> 2. Barmpoutis, A., Vemuri, B. C., Shepherd, T. M. & Forder, J. R. (2007), 'Tensor splines for interpolation and approximation of DT-MRI with applications to segmentation of isolated rat hippocampi', <i>IEEE Transations on Medical Imaging,</i> <b>26</b>, 1537-1546.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=000027&pid=S0120-1751201300010001000002&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --> </p>      <!-- ref --><p> 3. Batchelor, P., Moakher, M., Atkinson, D., Calamante, F. & Connelly, A. (2005), 'A rigorous framework for diffusion tensor calculus', <i>Magnetic Resonance in Medicine,</i> <b>53</b>, 221-225.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=000029&pid=S0120-1751201300010001000003&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --> </p>      <!-- ref --><p> 4. Fingelkurts, A. A. & Kahkonen, S. (2005), 'Functional connectivity in the brain - is it an elusive concepts?', <i>Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews,</i> <b>28</b>, 827-836.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=000031&pid=S0120-1751201300010001000004&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --> </p>      ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<!-- ref --><p> 5. Fletcher, P. T. & Joshi, S. (2007), 'Riemannian geometry for the statistical analysis of diffusion tensor data', <i>Signal Processing,</i> <b>87</b>, 250-262.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=000033&pid=S0120-1751201300010001000005&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --> </p>      <!-- ref --><p> 6. Grenander, U. & Miller, M. I. (1998), 'Computational anatomy: An emerging discipline', <i>Quarterly of Applied Mathematics,</i> <b>56</b>, 617-694.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=000035&pid=S0120-1751201300010001000006&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --> </p>      <!-- ref --><p> 7. Lepore, N., Brun, C. A., Chou, Y., Chiang, M., Dutton, R. A., Hayashi, K. M., Luders, E., Lopez, O. L., Aizenstein, H. J., Toga, A. W., Becker, J. T. & Thompson, P. M. (2008), 'Generalized tensor-based morphometry of HIV/AIDS using multivariate statistics on deformation tensors', <i>IEEE Transactions in Medical Imaging</i> <b>27</b>, 129-141.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=000037&pid=S0120-1751201300010001000007&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --> </p>      <!-- ref --><p> 8. Li, Y., Zhu, H., Chen, Y., Ibrahim, J. G., An, H., Lin, W., Hall, C. & Shen, D. (2009), RADTI: regression analysis of diffusion tensor images, 'Progress in Biomedical Optics and Imaging - Proceedings of SPIE', Vol. 7258.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=000039&pid=S0120-1751201300010001000008&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --> </p>      <!-- ref --><p> 9. Massy, W. F. (1965), 'Principal components regression in exploratory statistical research', <i>Journal of the American Statistical Association</i> <b>64</b>, 234-246.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=000041&pid=S0120-1751201300010001000009&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --> </p>      ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<!-- ref --><p> 10. Pennec, X., Fillard, P. & Ayache, N. (2006), 'A Riemannian framework for tensor computing', <i>International Journal of Computer Vision</i> <b>66</b>, 41-66.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=000043&pid=S0120-1751201300010001000010&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --> </p>      <!-- ref --><p> 11. Schwartzman, A. (2006), Random ellipsoids and false discovery rates: Statistics for diffusion tensor imaging data, PhD thesis, Stanford University.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=000045&pid=S0120-1751201300010001000011&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --> </p>      <!-- ref --><p> 12. Wold, H. (1975), 'Soft modeling by latent variables; the non-linear iterative partial least squares approach', <i>Perspectives in Probability and Statistics,</i>, 1-2.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=000047&pid=S0120-1751201300010001000012&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --> </p>      <!-- ref --><p> 13. Wold, S., Albano, C., Dunn, W. I., Edlund, U., Esbensen, K., Geladi, P., Hellberg, S., Johansson, E., Lindberg, W. & Sjöström, M. (1984), Multivariate data analysis in chemistry, 'Chemometrics', Vol. 138 of <i>NATO ASI Series</i>, Springer Netherlands, p. 17-95.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=000049&pid=S0120-1751201300010001000013&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --> </p>      <!-- ref --><p> 14. Yuan, Y., Zhu, H., Lin, W. & Marron, J. S. (2012), 'Local polynomial regression for symmetric positive-definite matrices', <i>Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series B (Statistical Methodology)</i> <b>74</b>(4), 697-719.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=000051&pid=S0120-1751201300010001000014&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --> </p>      ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<!-- ref --><p> 15. Zhu, H. T., Chen, Y. S., Ibrahim, J. G., Li, Y. M. & Lin, W. L. (2009), 'Intrinsic regression models for positive-definite matrices with applications to diffusion tensor imaging', <i>Journal of the American Statistical Association</i> <b>104</b>, 1203-1212.    &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;[&#160;<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="javascript: window.open('/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=000053&pid=S0120-1751201300010001000015&lng=','','width=640,height=500,resizable=yes,scrollbars=1,menubar=yes,');">Links</a>&#160;]<!-- end-ref --> </p>  <hr size="1">      <center> <b>&#91;Recibido en junio de 2012. Aceptado en mayo de 2013&#93;</b> </center> <hr size="1">      <p> Este art&iacute;culo se puede citar en <i>LaTeX</i> utilizando la siguiente referencia bibliogr&aacute;fica de <i>BibTeX</i>: </p> <code><font size="2">@ARTICLE{RCEv36n1a10,    <br>  &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; AUTHOR &nbsp;= {P&eacute;rez, Ra&uacute;l Alberto and Gonz&aacute;lez-Farias, Graciela},    <br>  &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; TITLE &nbsp; = {{Partial Least Squares Regression on Symmetric Positive-Definite Matrices}},    <br>  &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; JOURNAL = {Revista Colombiana de Estad&iacute;stica},    <br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; YEAR &nbsp;&nbsp; = {2013},    <br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; volume &nbsp;= {36},    <br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; number &nbsp;= {1},    ]]></body>
<body><![CDATA[<br> &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; pages &nbsp; = {177-192}    <br> }</font></code>  <hr size="1"> </font>      ]]></body><back>
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