<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0120-2456</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Anuario Colombiano de Historia Social y de la Cultura]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Anu. colomb. hist. soc. cult.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0120-2456</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Facultad de Ciencias Humanas, Departamento de Historia.]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0120-24562018000200035</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15446/achsc.v45n2.71026</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Una república colosal: la unión de Colombia, el acceso al Pacífico y la utopía del comercio global, 1819-1830]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[A Colossal Republic: The Union of Colombia, Access to the Pacific, and the Utopia of Global Trade, 1819-1830]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Uma república colossal: a união da Colômbia, o acesso ao Pacífico e a utopia do comércio global, 1819-1830]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[AFANADOR-LLACH]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MARÍA JOSÉ]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de los Andes  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Bogotá ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2018</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2018</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>45</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>35</fpage>
<lpage>63</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0120-24562018000200035&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0120-24562018000200035&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0120-24562018000200035&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN Los líderes de la Gran Colombia enfrentaron el problema que suponía imaginar y crear una nación que integrara su gente y un paisaje extenso y montañoso en una entidad política coherente. Para ello, y para justificar la unión de Venezuela, Nueva Granada y Quito, crearon discursos, representaciones y simbolismos que aludían a la geografía. Construyeron además una utopía sobre Colombia como baluarte del comercio global. En términos tanto simbólicos como prácticos, el acceso al océano Pacífico y la apertura de una conexión interoceánica eran centrales para este proyecto. Esto implicó tensiones entre las economías políticas locales y la legislación diseñada en Bogotá. El eje regional conformado por Guayaquil y Panamá puso a prueba los límites del poder central y demostró la importancia de la región del Pacífico en la experiencia republicana temprana.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT The leaders of Gran Colombia faced the problem of imagining and creating a nation that would integrate an enormous and mountainous territory and its people into a coherent political entity. To that effect, as well as to justify the union of Venezuela, Nueva Granada, and Quito, they created discourses, representations, and symbolisms referring to geography. In addition, they constructed a utopia of Colombia as pillar of global trade. Access to the Pacific Ocean and opening an interoceanic route were central to this project, in both symbolic and practical terms. This gave rise to tensions between the local political economies and the legislation designed in Bogotá. The Guayaquil-Panama regional axis tested the limits of central power by showing the importance of the Pacific region in the early stages of the republican experience.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[RESUMO Os líderes da Grã-Colômbia enfrentaram o problema que supunha imaginar e criar uma nação que integrasse uma paisagem extensa e montanhosa e sua população numa entidade política coerente. Para isso, e para justificar a união de Venezuela, Nova Granada e Quito, criaram discursos, representações e simbolismos que faziam alusão à geografia. Além disso, construíram uma utopia sobre a Colômbia como bastião do comércio global. Tanto em termos simbólicos quanto práticos, o acesso ao oceano Pacífico e a abertura de uma conexão interoceánica eram centrais para esse projeto. Isso implicou tensões entre as economias políticas locais e a legislação elaborada em Bogotá. O eixo regional formado por Guayaquil e Panamá colocou à prova os limites do poder central e demonstrou a importância da região do Pacífico na experiência republicana precoce.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[(Autor) comercio global, Gran Colombia, Guayaquil]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[(Thesaurus) Panamá, república, utopía]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[(Author) global trade, Gran Colombia, Guayaquil]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[(Thesaurus) Panama, republic, utopia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[(Autor) comércio global, Grã-Colômbia, Guayaquil]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[(Thesaurus) Panamá, república, utopia]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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