<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0120-2456</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Anuario Colombiano de Historia Social y de la Cultura]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Anu. colomb. hist. soc. cult.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0120-2456</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Facultad de Ciencias Humanas, Departamento de Historia.]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0120-24562020000100267</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15446/achsc.v47n1.83152</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Luchas alrededor de la libertad: conexiones asiático-latinoamericanas en la trata culí a Cuba (1850-1860)]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Struggles for Freedom: Asian-Latin American Connections in Coolie Trafficking to Cuba (1850-1860)]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Lutas ao redor da liberdade: conexões asiático-latinoamericanas no tráfico "coolie" a Cuba (1850-1860)]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[CEPEDA SANCHEZ]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HERNANDO]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional de Colombia  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Bogotá ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>47</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>267</fpage>
<lpage>302</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0120-24562020000100267&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0120-24562020000100267&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0120-24562020000100267&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN A mediados del siglo XIX, el neogranadino Nicolás Tanco Armero se convirtió en el principal agente exportador de culies chinos a Cuba, pese a que antes de sus travesías al Oriente (1855), en la Nueva Granada, expresara una apasionada defensa por el derecho de los ciudadanos a gozar de la libertad. Tanco Armero -defiende esta investigación- construyó un discurso netamente capitalista, abolicionista y civilizatorio, basado en las condiciones sociales y raciales de los pueblos sínicos, que le permitió justificar la contratación de servidumbre asiática para el desarrollo de trabajos forzados en las islas del Caribe. A través de la noción de representación, este articulo analiza elementos psicológicos y sociológicos que, combinados, construyeron un utillaje mental y brindaron sentido a sus impresiones visuales del mundo oriental. La libertad, queda así documentado, atravesó complejos procesos de representación racial y cultural, los cuales adquirieron mayor complejidad por la presencia de colonos asiáticos en sociedades acostumbradas a ver y convivir entre el blanco y el negro.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT In the mid-nineteenth century, a citizen of New Granada, Nicolás Tanco Armero, became the main exporter of Chinese coolies to Cuba, despite having expressed his passionate defense of citizens' right to freedom before his trips to the Far East (1855). The article argues that Tanco Armero constructed a purely capitalist, abolitionist, and civilizatory discourse based on the social and racial conditions of Chinese peoples, which allowed him to justify Asian servitude in carrying out forced labor in the Caribbean islands. Through the notion of representation, the article analyzes the psychological and sociological elements that, together, made up a mental toolkit that gave meaning to Tanco's visual impressions of the Oriental world. The article documents the complex processes of racial and cultural representation that the notion of freedom went through, and which became much more complex due to the presence of Asian colonists in societies accustomed to seeing only and coexisting with whites and blacks.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[RESUMO A meados do século XIX, o neogranadino Nicolás Tanco Armero se converteu no principal agente exportador de "coolies" chineses a Cuba, embora, antes de suas travessias ao Oriente (1855), na Nova Granada, tenha expresso uma apaixonada defesa pelo direito dos cidadãos a gozar da liberdade. Tanco Armero - defende esta pesquisa - construiu um discurso puramente capitalista, abolicionista e civilizatório, baseado nas condições sociais e raciais dos povos sínicos, que lhe permitiu justificar a contratação de escravos asiáticos para desenvolver trabalhos forçados nas ilhas do Caribe. Por meio da noção de representação, este artigo analisa elementos psicológicos e sociológicos que, combinados, construíram uma ferramenta mental e ofereceram sentido a suas impressões visuais do mundo oriental. A liberdade, assim documentada, passou por complexos processos de representação racial e cultural, os quais adquiriram maior complexidade pela presença de colonos asiáticos em sociedades acostumadas a ver e conviver entre o branco e o negro.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Cuba]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[culies]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[historia conectada]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[historia global]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[libertad]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[sistema de representaciones]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[connected history]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[coolies]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Cuba]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[freedom]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[global history]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[system of representations]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[coolies]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Cuba]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[história conectada]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[história global]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[liberdade]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[sistema de representações]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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