<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0120-2812</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Acta Agronómica]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Acta Agron.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0120-2812</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional de Colombia]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0120-28122021000300240</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15446/acag.v70n3.88905</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Inhibición y estimulación del crecimiento micelial de Moniliophthora roreri por flutolanil en poblaciones de Ecuador]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Inhibition and stimulation of mycelial growth of Moniliophthora roreri by flutolanil in populations of Ecuador]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Amaya-Márquez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Darlyn José]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Espinoza-Lozano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Rodrigo Fernando]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Villavicencio-Vásquez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mirian Elizabeth]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sosa del Castillo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Daynet]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pérez-Martínez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Simón]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Agraria del Ecuador  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Guayaquil ]]></addr-line>
<country>Ecuador</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral-ESPOL  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Guayaquil ]]></addr-line>
<country>Ecuador</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Estatal de Milagro  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Guayas ]]></addr-line>
<country>Ecuador</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>70</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<fpage>240</fpage>
<lpage>248</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0120-28122021000300240&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0120-28122021000300240&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0120-28122021000300240&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen La pudrición helada de la mazorca (PHM) del cacao es causada por Moniliophthora roreri (MR). El manejo efectivo debe incluir el control químico o biológico, además de las prácticas agronómicas. El flutolanil ha sido eficaz controlando la PHF. El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar la respuesta al flutolanil de aislados de MR de las regiones Amazonas y Costa de Ecuador. Se determinaron el porcentaje de inhibición del crecimiento micelial (PGI) y la concentración inhibitoria media (IC50) en respuesta a tres concentraciones del fungicida. A 1 &#956;gmL-1 de flutolanil en el medio de cultivo se inhibió totalmente el crecimiento de los 76 aislados de MR. A 0.1 &#956;g mL-1; 74/76 fueron inhibidas entre el 70-97 % en comparación con el control. Por el contrario, a las concentraciones más bajas (0.01-0.001 &#956;g mL-1) los resultados de inhibición fueron solo del 22 % y 47 %, respectivamente. Se identificaron cuatros grupos: uno incluyó a la mayoría sensible (66/76) en diferente medida y tres grupos representaron 10 aislamientos que fueron estimulados a bajas concentraciones de flutolanil. Los IC50 fueron bajos, lo que indica una alta sensibilidad de la población de MR. Los IC50max fueron 0.1342 y 0.1457 en dos aislamientos de la costa y el Amazonas, respectivamente. Los aislados de la costa fueron significativamente menos sensibles al flutolanil que los del Amazonas ( IC50 = 0.046 ± 0.03 y IC50 = 0.030 ± 0.02, respectivamente), sin embargo, las diferencias fueron mínimas. No hubo diferencias significativas al comparar las provincias. Los aislados más estimulados se encontraron en las provincias de Orellana y de Los Ríos. Se concluye que el flutolanil parece efectivo para el manejo del agente causal de la PHM en la Costa y en el Amazonas.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract Frosty pod rot (FPR) of cacao is caused by Moniliophthora roreri (MR). Effective management must include chemical or biological control, in addition to agronomic tactics. Flutolanil has been effective in controlling FPR. The objective of this research was to determine the response to flutolanil of MR isolates from the Amazon and Coast regions of Ecuador. Percentage of mycelial growth inhibition (PGI), and medium inhibitory concentration (IC50) against three concentrations of the fungicide were determined. One &#956;g mL-1 of flutolanil in the culture medium inhibited completely the growth of the 76 MR isolates. At 0.1 &#956;g mL-1, 74/76 were inhibited between 70-97 % compared to the control. Conversely, at the lower concentrations (0.01-0.001 &#956;g mL-1) the results of inhibition were only of 22 % and 47 %, respectively. Four groups were identified: one included the most sensitive (66/76) to different degrees, and three groups representing 10 isolates that were stimulated at low concentrations of flutolanil. IC50 values were low, indicating very high sensitivity in the MR population. IC50max were 0.1342 and 0.1457 in two isolates from the Coast and the Amazon regions, respectively. Isolates from the Coast were significantly less sensitive to flutolanil than those from the Amazon ( IC50 = 0.046 ± 0.03 and IC50 = 0.030 ± 0.02, respectively), however, the differences were minimal. There were no significant differences when comparing the provinces. The most stimulated isolates were found in the provinces of Orellana and Los Ríos. It is concluded that flutolanil seems effective against the causal agent of FPR in Ecuador, both Coast and Amazon regions.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[sensitivity to fungicide]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[moniliasis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[frosty pod rot]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[sensibilidad a fungicidas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[moniliasis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[pudrición helada de la mazorca]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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