<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0120-2952</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista de la Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y de Zootecnia]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. Med. Vet. Zoot.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0120-2952</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y de Zootecnia Universidad Nacional de Colombia]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0120-29522021000200137</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15446/rfmvz.v68n2.98026</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Análisis genético de cinco polimorfismos de nucleótido simple de caseínas lácteas obtenidos con chips genómicos en ganado Holstein de Antioquia, Colombia]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Genetic analysis of five single nucleotide polymorphisms of dairy caseins obtained with genomic chips in Holstein cattle from Antioquia, Colombia]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Padilla-Doval]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zambrano-Arteaga]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Echeverri-Zuluaga]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[López-Herrera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Fundación Universitaria Navarra  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Neiva ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Nariño Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[San Juan de Pasto ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional de Colombia Departamento de Producción Animal ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Medellín ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional de Colombia Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias Departamento de Producción Animal]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Medellín ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>68</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>137</fpage>
<lpage>149</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0120-29522021000200137&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0120-29522021000200137&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0120-29522021000200137&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN Los polimorfismos genéticos asociados con las caseínas de la leche son de gran importancia, ya que pueden ser usados como marcadores genéticos para mejorar el rendimiento productivo en los hatos lecheros. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la diversidad y estructura genética de 5 SNP de caseínas de la leche, obtenidos con chips genómicos en vacas y toros de raza Holstein en Antioquia (Colombia). Fueron muestreados 113 animales de raza Holstein en 3 regiones del departamento de Antioquia (norte, centro y oriente) y un cuarto grupo de sementales comerciales. Los animales fueron genotipificados con chips genómicos de alta densidad (Illumina BovineHD e Illumina SNP50 v2), a partir de los cuales se identificaron 5 SNP (ARS-BFGL-NGS-8140, BTA-77380-no-rs, BTA-32346-no-rs, BTB-00821654 y ARS-BFGL-NGS-15809). Para cada SNP se realizó un análisis genético mediante un análisis de varianza molecular (amova) usando el software GenAIEx 6.501. Los SNP con mayor heterocigosidad total (HT) fueron ARS-BFGL-NGS-8140 y BTA-32346-no-rs, con resultados cercanos al 45%; sin embargo, la Ht para ARS-BFGL-NGS-15809, BTA-77380-no-rs y BTB-00821654 estuvo por debajo del 15%. El SNP con mayor diversidad genética fue BTA-32346-no-rs (Ho-He = 0,06; p &lt; 0,05). En esta investigación se evaluó una subpoblación de toros comerciales extranjeros, en la cual se obtuvieron frecuencias alélicas y genotípicas similares a las obtenidas para las subpoblaciones locales, sugiriendo que los alelos de los toros muy posiblemente están fijados en dichas subpoblaciones, por lo que la estructura y diversidad genética tienden a ser bajas en la muestra de estudio.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT Genetic polymorphisms associated with milk caseins have a great importance since they can be used as genetic markers to improve productive performance in dairy herds. The main goal of the present study was to evaluate the diversity and genetic structure of 5 SNPs of milk caseins, obtained with genomic chip in Holstein cows and bulls from Antioquia (Colombia). 113 Holstein animals were sampled in 3 regions of Antioquia (north, center, and east), and a fourth group of commercial sires. Animals were geno-typed with high-density SNP chips (Illumina BovineHD and Illumina SNP50 v2), from which 5 SNPs were identified (ARS-BFGL-NGS-8140, BTA-77380-no-rs, BTA-32346-no-rs, BTB-00821654 and ARS-BFGL-NGS-15809). For each SNP, a genetic analysis was performed by means of an analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) using the GenAIEx 6.501 software. The SNPs with the highest total heterozygosity (Ht) were ARS-BFGL-NGS-8140 and BTA-32346-no-rs, with results close to 45%; however, the HT for ARS-BFGL-NGS-15809, BTA-77380-no-rs, and BTB-00821654 were below 15%. The SNP with the highest genetic diversity was BTA-32346-no-rs (Ho-He = 0,06; p &lt; 0,05). In this research a subpopulation of foreign commercial bulls was evaluated, in which similar allelic and genotypic frequencies to those for local subpopulations were obtained, suggesting that the alleles of the bulls are very possibly fixed in these subpopulations, so that the structure and genetic diversity tend to be low in the study sample.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[beta-caseína]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[kappa-caseína]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[producción de leche]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[marcador genético]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Beta-casein]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Kappa-casein]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Milk yield]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Genetic marker]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alipanah]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Klashnikova]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodionov]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[K-casein genotypic frequencies in Russian breed Black and Red Pied cattle]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Iran J Biotechnol]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>191-4</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ashraf]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[El Araby]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[El-Bayomi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zaglool]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Association of polymorphisms in kappa casein gene with milk traits in Holstein Friesian cattle]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Jpn J Vet Res]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>64</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>39-43</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aune]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Navarro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vieira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vieira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Greenwood]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vatten]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Norat]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Dairy products, calcium, and prostate cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Am J Clin Nutr]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>101</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>87-117</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Azevedo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nascimento]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Steinberg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carvalho]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Peixoto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Teodoro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Verneque]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guimaráes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Machado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MA]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Genetic polymorphism of the kappa-casein gene in Brazilian cattle]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Gen Mol Res]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>7</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>623-30</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bekuma]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Galmessa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[U]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A1 Beta casein: Devil in the milk-A short communication]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Appro Poult Dairy &amp; Vet Sci]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>7</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>606-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bijl]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Valenberg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sikkes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jumelet]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sala]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Olieman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hooijdonk]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Huppertz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Chymosin induced hydrolysis ofcaseins: Influence of degree of phosphorylation of alpha-S1-casein and genetic variants of beta-casein]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Int Dairy J]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>39</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>215-21</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Broyard]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gaucheron]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Modifications of structures and functions of caseins: a scientific and technological challenge]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Dairy Sci &amp; Technol]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<numero>95</numero>
<issue>95</issue>
<page-range>831-62</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Clarke]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Trivedi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Bovine beta casein variants: Implications to human nutrition and health]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>67</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>11-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dias]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Polaina]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[FG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Malago]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Marcadores moleculares na bovinocultura de corte]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Redvet]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>10</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>1-16</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Echeverri]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Saldamando]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[López]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Genetic structure analysis of a Holstein cow population in Colombia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev Colom Cienc Pecu]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>28</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>54-63</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ZH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bovenhuis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[van Valenberg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Huppertz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Visker]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HP]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Genetic parameters for &#945;s1-casein and &#945;s2-casein phosphorylation isoforms in Dutch Holstein Friesian]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J. Dairy Sci.]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<numero>101</numero>
<issue>101</issue>
<page-range>1-11</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ZH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bovenhuis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[van Valenberg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Duchemin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SI]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Huppertz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wisker]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MH]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Genome-Wide Association study for &#945;s1 and &#945;s2-casein phosphorylation in Dutch Holstein Friesian]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Dairy Sci]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>102</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>1374-85</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Garcia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Real de Lima]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Simoes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Silva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Palma]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Veiga dos Santos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effect of the kappa-casein gene polymorphism, breed and seasonality on physicochemical characteristics, composition and stability of bovine milk]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[R Bras Zootec]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>38</volume>
<numero>12</numero>
<issue>12</issue>
<page-range>2447-54</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SW]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Thompson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EA.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Performing the exact test of Hardy-Weinberg proportions for multiple alleles]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Biometrics]]></source>
<year>1992</year>
<volume>48</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>361-72</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hanusová]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Huba]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Oravcová]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Polák]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vrtková]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Genetic variants of beta-casein in Holstein dairy cattle in Slovakia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Slovak J. Anim. Sci]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>43</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>63-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hard]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DL]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[A primer of populations Genetics]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<edition>3</edition>
<page-range>221</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Sunderland, MA ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sinauer Associates Inc]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jaiswal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[De]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sarsavan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Review on bovine beta-casein (A1, A2) gene polymorphism and their potentially hazardous on human health]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ijpaes]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>3</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>1-12</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jianqin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Leiming]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yelland]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ni]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Clarke]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effects of milk containing only A2 beta casein versus milk containing both A1 and A2 beta casein proteins on gastrointestinal physiology, symptoms of discomfort, and cognitive behavior of people with self-reported intolerance to traditional cow's milk]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nutr J]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<numero>15</numero>
<issue>15</issue>
<page-range>35</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kaminski]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cieslinska]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kostyra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Polymorphism of bovine beta-casein and its potential effect on human health]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Appl Genet]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>48</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>189-98</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kaskous]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A1- and A2-Milk and their effect on human health]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Food Eng Technol]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>9</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>15-21</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Küllenberg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lohner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schmucker]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kapp]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Motschall]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Horrlein]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Roger]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Meerpohl]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Milk A1 P-casein and health-related outcomes in humans: a systematic review]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nutr Rev]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>0</volume>
<numero>0</numero>
<issue>0</issue>
<page-range>1-29</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Laugesen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Elliott]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Ischaemic heart disease, type 1 diabetes, and cow milk A1 beta-casein]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[N Z Med J]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>116</volume>
<numero>1168</numero>
<issue>1168</issue>
<page-range>U295</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martien]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Groenen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[van der Poel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Regulation of expression of milk protein genes: A review]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Livest Prod Sci]]></source>
<year>1994</year>
<volume>38</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>61-78</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McLachlan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CN]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Beta-casein A1, ischaemic heart disease mortality, and other illnesses]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Med Hypotheses]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>56</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>262-72</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Melka]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schenkel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[FS]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Analysis of genetic diversity in Brown Swiss, Jersey and Holstein populations using genome-wide single nucleo-tide polymorphism markers]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[BMC Res Notes]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>5</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>161</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Miluchová]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gabor]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Trakovicka]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Analysis of Slovak spotted breed for bovine beta casein A1 variant as risk factor for human health]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Acta Biochim Pol]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>60</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>799-801</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mir]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ullah]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sheikh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Genetic polymorphism of milk protein variants and their association studies with milk yield in Sahiwal cattle]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Afr J Biotechnol]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>13</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>555-65</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Olenski]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kaminski]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Szyda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cieslinska]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Polymorphism of the beta-casein gene and its associations with breeding value for production traits of Holstein-Friesian bulls]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Livest Sci]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>131</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>137-40</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Patel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RK]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chauhan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Singh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Soni]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KJ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Allelic Frequency of Kappa-Casein and Beta-Lactoglobulin in Indian Crossbred (Bos taurus x Bos indicus) Dairy Bulls]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Turk J Vet Anim Sci]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>31</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>399-402</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Peakall]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Smouse]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[GenAlEx 6.5: genetic analysis in Excel. Population genetic software for teaching and research-an update]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Bioinformatics]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>28</volume>
<numero>19</numero>
<issue>19</issue>
<page-range>2537-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Provine]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Origins of Theoretical Population Genetics]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Chicago ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[University of Chicago Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramesha]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Akhila]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Basavaraju]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kataktalware]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jeyakumar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Varalakshmi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Genetic variants of &#946;-casein in cattle and buffalo breeding bulls in Karnataka state of India.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Indian J Biotechnol]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>15</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>178-81</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rehan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ahemad]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gupta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Casein nanomicelle as an emerging biomaterial-A comprehensive review]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Colloids Surf. B: Biointerfaces]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<numero>179</numero>
<issue>179</issue>
<page-range>80-292</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ren]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DX]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Miao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SY]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[YL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zou]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CX]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Liang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[XW]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Liu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JX]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Genotyping of the k-casein and P-lactoglobulin genes in Chinese Holstein, Jersey and water Buffalo by PCR-RFLP]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Genet]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>90</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>1-5</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schopen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Visker]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Koks]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mullaart]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[van Arendonk]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bovenhuis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Whole genome association study for milk protein composition in dairy cattle]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Dairy Sci]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>94</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>3148-58</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Solarte]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rosero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CY]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Eraso]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[YM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zambrano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barrera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martínez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[OA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guerrón]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ML]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chavés]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[FP]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Polimorfismo de las fracciones caseínicas de la leche en bovinos Holstein del Trópico Alto de Nariño]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Livestock Res Rural Dev]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>23</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>1-11</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sun]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cade]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Elmir]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fregly]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Relation of beta-casomorphin to apnea in sudden infant death syndrome]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Peptides]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>24</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>937-43</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wedholm]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Larsen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lindmark-Mánsson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Karlsson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Andrén]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effect of protein composition on the cheese making properties of milk from individual dairy cows]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Dairy Sci]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>89</volume>
<numero>9</numero>
<issue>9</issue>
<page-range>3296-305</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wright]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Evolution and Genetics of Populations: The theory of gene frequencies]]></source>
<year>1969</year>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Chicago ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[University of Chicago Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B40">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zambrano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Eraso]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Solarte]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rosero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Relationship Between Kappa Casein Genes (CSN3) and Industrial Yield in Holstein Cows in Nariño-Colombia]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hurley]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Milk Protein. S. l.: Intech Open]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<page-range>265-82</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B41">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zepeda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alarcón]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ruíz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Núñez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramírez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Polymorphism of three milk protein genes in Mexican Jersey cattle]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Electron J Biotechn]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>18</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>1-4</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
