<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0120-3053</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Apuntes del Cenes]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Apuntes del Cenes]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0120-3053</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia (UPTC)]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0120-30532018000200203</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.19053/01203053.v37.n66.2019.6013</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Spatial Patterns of Agriculture in Boyacá]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Patrones espaciales de la agricultura en Boyacá]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Padrões de espaço da agricultura em Boyacá]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arias-Gómez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Helmuth Yesid]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Antosová]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Gabriela]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Bogotá ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,University the College of Business  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Prague ]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2018</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2018</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>37</volume>
<numero>66</numero>
<fpage>203</fpage>
<lpage>237</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0120-30532018000200203&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0120-30532018000200203&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0120-30532018000200203&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract This article figures out spatial patterns for Boyacá's agriculture and exposes the behavior of production. Applying gravitational concepts we describe relevant spatial interactions across municipalities using variables as population, output and linear distances. We perform an econometric model for detecting the class of spatial dependence showed by agricultural output as endogenous using as arguments distance to Tunja and rural population. We deploy standard tools of spatial analysis and empirical strategies for identify clusters of towns according with their performance and productivity. Statistical contrast indicates that the most suitable scheme for describing spatial dependence in production is spatial lag model. Econometrics conveys important clues demonstrating that higher scales output is conducted to urban national markets and output produced with scarce scales is sold locally in local towns. A strong subjacent idea is that lagged municipalities are badly influenced by geographical isolation and high transportation costs do hinder the social and economic development in Boyacá.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen Se indagan los patrones espaciales de la agricultura boyacense analizando el comportamiento de la producción. Apelando a conceptos gravitacionales se describen relevantes interacciones espaciales entre municipios, usando como variables la población, la producción agrícola y las distancias lineales. La econometría espacial detecta la índole de la dependencia espacial exhibida por la producción en función de la distancia a Tunja y de la población rural. Se despliegan herramientas del análisis espacial y estrategias empíricas para identificar clústeres de municipios de acuerdo con su desempeño y productividad. Los contrastes estadísticos recomiendan elegir el modelo de rezago espacial como más apto para explicar la dependencia espacial. Interesantes resultados econométricos sugieren que la producción con altas economías de escala se destina a los mercados sólidos y la pequeña producción parcelaria se vende en el propio municipio. Definitivamente, los altos costos de transporte constituyen un impedimento insalvable que interfiere en el desarrollo en las zonas más apartadas y menos productivas.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[Resumo: Os padrões espaciais da agricultura de Boyacan são analisados, revisando o comportamento da produção. Apelando para conceitos gravitacionais, são descritas interações espaciais relevantes entre os municípios, utilizando como variáveis a população, a produção agrícola e as distâncias lineares. A econometria espacial detecta a natureza da dependência espacial exibida pela produção em função da distância a Tunja e à população rural. Ferramentas de análise espacial e estratégias empíricas são implantadas para identificar clusters de municípios de acordo com seu desempenho e produtividade. Os resultados estatísticos recomendam a escolha do modelo de spatial error como mais apto a explicar a dependência espacial. Resultados econométricos interessantes sugerem que a produção com altas economias de escala vai para mercados sólidos e produção do pequenas parcelas de terra são vendida no município. Definitivamente altos custos de transporte são um obstáculo intransponível que interfere no desenvolvimento nas áreas mais remotas e menos produtivas.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[gravity model]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[agricultural production]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[productive structure]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[spatial interaction]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[spatial econometrics]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[modelo gravitacional]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[producción agrícola]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[estructura productiva]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[interacción espacial]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[econometría espacial]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[modelo gravitacional]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[a produção agrícola]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[estrutura de produção]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[interação espacial]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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