<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0120-3053</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Apuntes del Cenes]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Apuntes del Cenes]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0120-3053</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia (UPTC)]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0120-30532021000100189</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.19053/01203053.v40.n71.2021.12225</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[La minería y su impacto en el desarrollo económico en Colombia]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Mining and Its Impact on Economic Development in Colombia]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fuentes López]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Héctor Javier]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ferrucho Parra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Cindy Carolina]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martínez González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[William Alexander]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>40</volume>
<numero>71</numero>
<fpage>189</fpage>
<lpage>216</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0120-30532021000100189&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0120-30532021000100189&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0120-30532021000100189&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen: Este artículo presenta un análisis teórico y empírico sobre la relación que se dio entre la minería y el desarrollo en Colombia tomando como referencia los años 2016 y 2017. Se examina el proceso histórico de la minería en Colombia, con el ánimo de comprender su trascendencia y su correlación espacial con variables sociales. A partir de los conceptos institucionalistas y del uso de modelos de datos panel, se busca determinar que los efectos que la actividad minera en Colombia ha generado en variables sociales como el índice de desarrollo humano, el coeficiente de GINI y la pobreza son ocasionados por variables institucionales como el desempeño municipal y no por variables relacionadas con la minería como el PIB minero. Se encuentra que la minería no ha contribuido al mejoramiento de las condiciones sociales en los territorios donde tiene más representatividad y que, contrario a lo esperado, ha incrementado los procesos de desigualdad y no ha tenido ningún efecto sobre la pobreza. Clasificación JEL: C31, C51 L72, O43, R11.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract This paper presents a theoretical and empirical analysis of the relationship between mining and development in Colombia, taking as reference the years 2016 and 2017. The historical process of mining in Colombia is studied to understand its significance and its spatial correlation with social variables. Based on institutionalist concepts and the use of panel data models, the aim is to determine that the effects that mining activity in Colombia has had on social variables such as the Human Development Index, the GINI coefficient, and poverty are caused by institutional variables such as municipal performance, instead of by variables related to mining such as mining GDP. It is found that mining has not contributed to the improvement of social conditions in the territories where it is most representative and that contrary to expectations, it has increased the processes of inequality and has not had any effect on poverty.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[desarrollo económico]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[crecimiento económico]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[institucionalismo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[minería]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[pobreza]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[desigualdad]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[economic development]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[economic growyh]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[institutionalism]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[mining]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[poverty]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[inequality]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<label>[1]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Agencia Nacional de Minería</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Colombia: explorando oportunidades]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<label>[2]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Baltagi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Econometric Analysis of Panel Data]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<label>[3]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bebbington]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bury]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. T.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Institutional Challenges for Mining and Sustainability in Peru]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>106</volume>
<numero>41</numero>
<issue>41</issue>
<page-range>17296-301</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<label>[4]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Betz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Partridge]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Farren]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lobao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Coal Mining, Economic Development, and the Natural Resources Curse]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Energy Economics]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>50</volume>
<page-range>105-16</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<label>[5]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bridge]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Contested Terrain: Mining and the Environment]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Annual Review of Environment and Resources]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>29</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>205-59</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<label>[6]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cabrera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fierro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Implicaciones ambientales y sociales del modelo extractivista en Colombia]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Garay]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Minería en Colombia: derechos, políticas públicas y gobernanza]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<page-range>90-119</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[Contraloría General de la República]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<label>[7]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cárdenas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reina]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La minería en Colombia: impacto socioeconómico y fiscal]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Cuadernos de Fedesarrollo]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<numero>25</numero>
<issue>25</issue>
<page-range>123</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<label>[8]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>DANE</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Pobreza-TerriData_Dim14]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<label>[9]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>DANE</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Pobreza-TerriData_Dim14]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<label>[10]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fuentes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cárdenas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Manrique]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[El modelo extractivista en el contexto de los modelos de desarrollo en Colombia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[UD y la Geomática]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>2014</volume>
<page-range>59-67</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<label>[11]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Juárez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La minería ilegal en Colombia: un conflicto de narrativas]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Agora U.S.B]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>16</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>135</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<label>[12]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lagos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Blanco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Mining and Development in the Region of Antofagasta]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Resources Policy]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>35</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>265-75</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<label>[13]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martínez-Alier]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pascual]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[U.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vivien]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F. D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zaccai]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Sustainable De-growth: Mapping the Context, Criticisms and Future Prospects of An Emergent Paradigm]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ecological Economics]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>69</volume>
<numero>9</numero>
<issue>9</issue>
<page-range>1741-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<label>[14]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martínez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aguilar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Estudio sobre los impactos socioeconómicos del sector minero en Colombia: Encadenamientos sectoriales]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Cuadernos de Fedesarrollo]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<numero>47</numero>
<issue>47</issue>
<page-range>95</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[Fedesarrollo]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<label>[15]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>Ministerio de Minas y Energía</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Análisis del comportamiento del PIB minero en el año 2013, segundo semestre y cuarto trimestre de 2013]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[MinMinas]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<label>[16]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>Ministerio de Minas y Energía</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Análisis del comportamiento del PIB minero en el año 2014, segundo semestre y cuarto trimestre de 2014]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[MinMinas]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<label>[17]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Ministerio de Minas y Energía</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Análisis del comportamiento del PIB minero cuarto trimestre de 2016]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<label>[18]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Ministerio de Minas y Energía</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Análisis del comportamiento del PIB minero cuarto trimestre de 2017]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<label>[19]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Ministerio de Minas y Energía</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Análisis del comportamiento del PIB minero primer trimestre de 2019]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<label>[20]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Menton]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Larrea]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Latorre]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martínez-Alier]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Peck]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Temper]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Walter]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Environmental Justice and the SDGs: From Synergies to Gaps and Contradictions]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Sustainability Science]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>15</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>1621-36</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<label>[21]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Negrete]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Derechos, minería y conflictos. Aspectos normativos]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Garay]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Minería en Colombia: derechos, políticas públicas y gobernanza]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<page-range>23-53</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[Contraloría General de la República]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<label>[22]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[North]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Institutions, Institutional Change and Economic Performance]]></source>
<year>1990</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Cambridge University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<label>[23]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[North]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Economic Performance Through Time]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The American Economic Review]]></source>
<year>1994</year>
<volume>84</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>359-68</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<label>[24]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[North]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[La teoría económica neoinstitucionalista y el desarrollo latinoamericano]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[PNUD, Instituto Internacional de Gobernabilidad]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<label>[25]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[North]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Instituciones, ideología y desempeño económico]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Cato Journal]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>11</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>477-88</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<label>[26]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Novales]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Econometría]]></source>
<year>1993</year>
<edition>2.a</edition>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[McGraw-Hill]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<label>[27]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Prado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[El pensamiento económico de Douglass C. North]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Laissez-Faire]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
<volume>9</volume>
<page-range>13-32</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<label>[28]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rudas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Espitia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Participación del Estado y la renta minera]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Garay]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Minería en Colombia: derechos, políticas públicas y gobernanza]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<page-range>125-76</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[Contraloría General de la República]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<label>[29]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Toledo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Una introducción a la econometría con datos de panel]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ensayos y Monografías]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<numero>12</numero>
<issue>12</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<label>[30]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Valenzuela]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G. V.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[El efecto de la minería ilegal en el Perú: impactos económicos y sociales]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Lidera]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>9</volume>
<page-range>119-20</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<label>[31]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vargas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Coherencia entre reglas informales y reglas formales en Colombia. La Constitución de 1991: ¿Verdadero contrato social?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Perspectivas Internacionales]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<label>[32]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wooldridge]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Introductory Econometrics: A Modern Approach]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Cengage Learning]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
