<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0120-3053</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Apuntes del Cenes]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Apuntes del Cenes]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0120-3053</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia (UPTC)]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0120-30532023000100161</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.19053/01203053.v42.n75.2023.15389</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Los "spillovers" del COVID-19 sobre el empleo y el ingreso en Perú]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Spillovers of COVID-19 on Employment and Income in Peru]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tello Pacheco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mario Delfín]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú Departamento de Economía ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Peru</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>42</volume>
<numero>75</numero>
<fpage>161</fpage>
<lpage>195</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0120-30532023000100161&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0120-30532023000100161&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0120-30532023000100161&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen: En este trabajo se estiman los efectos spillovers (de derrame) del COVID-19 sobre empleo (total, formal e informal) e ingresos reales de un grupo de provincias del Perú denominadas "tratadas o de tratamiento", en el período del virus 2020-II-2021-IV. Estos spillovers se asocian al comportamiento de las personas que incumplieron el confinamiento, se aglomeraron en espacios relativamente pequeños, no usaron medidas de protección contra el COVID-19. Las mediciones de estos efectos se apoyan en Cao y Dowd (2019) y en la Encuesta Nacional de Hogares del INEI-ENAHO (2022) del período 2011.I-2021-IV, que es la base de datos principal del estudio. Dos resultados principales del estudio son, por un lado, que el COVID-19 y las políticas de confinamiento y transferencias a pobres y empresas contribuyeron en promedio en más del 50 % del decrecimiento del empleo total, el formal y el ingreso real (de la población económicamente activa ocupada provincial), y al incremento de la informalidad para el grupo de provincias tratadas. Por otro lado, los efectos spillovers atenuaron los efectos negativos de la disminución del empleo formal y del ingreso real de dichas provincias. Clasificación JEL: 118.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract This paper estimates the spillovers effects of COVID-19 on employment (total, formal, and informal) and real income of a group of Peruvian provinces called "treated or treatment" in the period of the virus 2020- II-2021-IV. These spillovers are associated with the behavior of people who broke the confinement, crowded into relatively small spaces, and did not use protective measures against COVID-19. The measurements of these effects are based on Cao and Dowd (2019), and on the INEI-ENAHO National Household Survey (2022) for the period 2011.I-2021-IV, which is the main database of the study. Two main results of the study are, on the one hand, that COVID-19 and the confinement policies and transfers to the poor and companies contributed on average to more than 50% of the decrease in total employment, formal employment, and real income (of the economically active population employed in the province), and to the increase in informality for the group of provinces covered. On the other hand, the spillovers effects attenuated the negative effects of the decrease in formal employment and real income in said provinces.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[COVID-19]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[efectos spillovers o de derrame]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Perú]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[empleo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[ingresos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[COVID-19]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[spillovers effects]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Peru]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[employment]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[income]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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<page-range>1-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
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<label>[31]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhou]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Du]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Liu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Liu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Clinical Course and Risk Factors for Mortality of Adult Inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: A Retrospective Cohort Study]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Lancet]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>395</volume>
<numero>10229</numero>
<issue>10229</issue>
<page-range>1054-62</page-range></nlm-citation>
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