<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0120-3347</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Colombian Journal of Anestesiology]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. colomb. anestesiol.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0120-3347</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[SCARE-Sociedad Colombiana de Anestesiología y Reanimación]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0120-33472018000500046</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1097/cj9.0000000000000045</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Awake craniotomy: indications, benefits, and techniques]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Craneotomía en el paciente despierto: Indicaciones, beneficios y técnicas]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Kaiying]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gelb]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Adrian W.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston Department of Anesthesiology ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Houston ]]></addr-line>
<country>USA</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,University of California Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[San Francisco San Francisco]]></addr-line>
<country>USA</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2018</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2018</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>46</volume>
<fpage>46</fpage>
<lpage>51</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0120-33472018000500046&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0120-33472018000500046&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0120-33472018000500046&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract Awake craniotomy is mainly used for mapping and resection of lesions in vitally important brain areas where imaging is not sufficiently sensitive. These are most commonly speech and motor areas. The awake approach has become increasingly popular with wider indications due to the advantage of better neurological and other perioperative outcomes including analge sia and postoperative nausea and vomiting. Improvements in anesthetic agents and techniques especially LMA have made a great contribution. Frequently used medications are propofol, dexmedetomidine, and remifentanil. Common anesthetic regi mens range from light-moderate sedation, deep sedation, or general anesthesia during the pre-mapping and postmapping phases. In all sedation-anesthesia techniques, the patients are awake and able to speak and/or move during the mapping phase. This approach to intracranial surgical procedure requires skill, experience, and commitment on the part of the entire OR team. This review, from the point of view of authors, discusses the indications and contraindications, benefits, anesthetic techni ques, challenges, and management, as well as potential future directions of awake craniotomy.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen La craneotomía con el paciente despierto se utiliza fundamen talmente para el mapeo y la resección de lesiones en áreas de vital importancia en el cerebro, en donde las imágenes no son suficientemente sensibles. Se trata por lo general de las áreas del habla y motoras. El abordaje con el paciente despierto ha adquirido cada vez más popularidad y se han ampliado sus indicaciones gracias a la ventaja de mejores desenlaces neurológicos y perioperatorios, entre ellos la analgesia y la náusea y vómito postoperatorios. Los avances en los agentes y las técnicas de anestesia, particularmente la mascarilla laríngea (LMA), han hecho grandes aportes. Los medicamentos de uso frecuente son propofol, dexmedetomidina y remifentanilo. Los esquemas anestésicos comunes van desde la sedación leve a moderada, sedación profunda, o anestesia general durante las fases pre y post-mapeo. En todas las técnicas de sedación - anestesia, los pacientes se encuentran despiertos y con capacidad para hablar y/ o moverse durante la fase de mapeo. Este abordaje al procedi miento quirúrgico intracraneal requiere pericia, experiencia y compromiso por parte de todo el equipo de la sala de cirugía. Esta revisión, desde la perspectiva de los autores, hace referencia a las indicaciones y contraindicaciones, beneficios, técnicas de anestesia, desafíos y manejo, así como a posibles orientaciones a futuro de la craneotomía con el paciente despierto.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Craniotomy]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Intrao perative Awareness]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Neurosurgery]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Anesthesia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Monitoring]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Physiologic]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Craneotomía]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Despertar Intraoperatorio]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Neurocirugía]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Anestesia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Monitoreo Fisiológico]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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