<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0120-3347</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Colombian Journal of Anestesiology]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. colomb. anestesiol.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0120-3347</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[SCARE-Sociedad Colombiana de Anestesiología y Reanimación]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0120-33472021000100301</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5554/22562087.e939</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Ultrasound-guided superior laryngeal nerve block -A description of the technique]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Bloqueo de nervio laríngeo superior guiado por ecografia. Descripción de la técnica]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Echeverri-Ospina]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Yulian Camilo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A a"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A3"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zamudio Burbano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mario Andrés]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González Giraldo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Daniela]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,IPS Universitaria Clínica León XIII  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Medellín ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Hospital Universitario San Vicente Fundación  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Medellín ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Antioquia Facultad de Medicina ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Medellín ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>49</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0120-33472021000100301&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0120-33472021000100301&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0120-33472021000100301&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract Complications in airway management remain a common cause of anesthesia-associated mortality. When a patient is considered with anticipated difficult airway, the management depends on several variables, however, at present, the standard of management continues to be the patient awake approach. In scenarios of acute upper airway obstruction, the only way to guarantee adequate ventilation is to obtain a translaryngeal or transtracheal access, for which, it is necessary to use local anesthesia and grade I / II sedation, avoiding loss of spontaneous ventilation. For this purpose, we propose ultrasound-guided superior laryngeal nerve block, in order to standardize an ultrasound landmark that is reproduceable, with a high success rate, which allows limiting complications related to regional anatomic techniques and thus facilitating the securing of the airway in these patients.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen Las complicaciones en el manejo de la vía aérea siguen siendo una causa frecuente de mortalidad relacionada con anestesia. Cuando un paciente se considera con vía aérea difícil anticipada, el manejo depende de diversas variables, sin embargo, en la actualidad, el estándar de manejo sigue siendo el abordaje con paciente despierto. En escenarios de obstrucción aguda de la vía aérea superior, la única forma de garantizar una adecuada ventilación es obtener un acceso translaríngeo o transtraqueal, para lo cual, es necesario el uso de anestesia local y de sedación grado I/II evitando la pérdida de ventilación espontánea. Con este propósito, planteamos el bloqueo del nervio laríngeo superior guiado por ultrasonografía, con el fin de estandarizar una referencia ecográfica reproducible, con alto índice de éxito, la cual permita limitar complicaciones relacionadas con las técnicas regionales anatómicas y así facilitar el aseguramiento de la vía aérea en estos pacientes.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Ultrasound]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[airway obstruction]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[local anesthesia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[laryngeal nerve]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[nerve block]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Ultrasonografía]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[obstrucción de las vías aéreas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[anestesia local]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[nervios laríngeos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[bloqueo nervioso]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<label>1</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cook]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Woodall]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Frerk]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Fourth National Audit Project. Major complications of airway management in the UK: Results of the Fourth National Audit Project of the Royal College of Anaesthetists and the Difficult Airway Society. Part 1: anaesthesia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Br J Anaesth]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>106</volume>
<page-range>617-31</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<label>2</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Joffe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aziz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MF]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Posner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Duggan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LV]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mincer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Domino]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KB]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Management of difficult tracheal intubation: A closed claims analysis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Anesthesiology]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>131</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>818-29</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<label>3</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Law]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Broemling]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cooper]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The difficult airway with recommendations for management-part 2--the anticipated difficult airway]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Can J Anaesth]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>60</volume>
<numero>11</numero>
<issue>11</issue>
<page-range>1119-38</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<label>4</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ahmad]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[El-Boghdadly]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bhagrath]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Difficult airway society guidelines for awake tracheal intubation (ATI) in adults]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Anaesthesia]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>75</volume>
<page-range>509-28</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<label>5</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Langeron]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bourgain]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Francon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Amour]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Baillard]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bouroche]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Difficult intubation and extubation in adult anaesthesia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Anaesth Crit Care Pain Med]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>37</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>639-51</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<label>6</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Friedman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[White]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mady]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kalyoussef]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Emergent Awake tracheostomy-The five-year experience at an urban tertiary care center]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Laryngoscope]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>125</volume>
<page-range>2476-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<label>7</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Standring]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Head a neck: overview and surface anatomy]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Standring]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Gray's Anatomy]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<edition>41</edition>
<page-range>399-415</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Londres ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<label>8</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ambi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[US]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arjun]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BK]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Masur]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Endigeri]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hosalli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hulakund]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SY]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Comparison of ultrasound and anatomical landmark-guided technique for superior laryngeal nerve block to aid awake fibre-optic intubation: A prospective randomised clinical study]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Indian J Anaesth]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>61</volume>
<page-range>463-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<label>9</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Maiya]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Smith]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HL]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Failed tracheostomy under local anaesthesia... plan B?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Laryngol Otol]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>120</volume>
<numero>10</numero>
<issue>10</issue>
<page-range>882-4</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
