<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0120-3347</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Colombian Journal of Anestesiology]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. colomb. anestesiol.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0120-3347</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[SCARE-Sociedad Colombiana de Anestesiología y Reanimación]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0120-33472023000400050</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5554/22562087.e1074</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Cardiac output and the pharmacology of general anesthetics: a narrative review]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[El gasto cardíaco y la farmacología de los anestésicos generales: una revisión narrativa]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Simón-Polo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Elena]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Catalá-Ripoll]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jose Vicente]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Monsalve-Naharro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[José Ángel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gerónimo-Pardo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Manuel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Gerencia de Atención Integrada Department of Anesthesiology ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Albacete ]]></addr-line>
<country>Spain</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>51</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0120-33472023000400050&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0120-33472023000400050&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0120-33472023000400050&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract The relationship between cardiac output and anesthetic drugs is important to anesthesiologists, since cardiac output determines the speed with which a drug infused into the bloodstream reaches its target and the intensity of the drug's effect. But rather than focus on how anesthetic drugs affect cardiac output, this narrative review focuses on how changes in cardiac output affect the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of general anesthetics during the three phases of anesthesia. At induction, an increase in cardiac output shortens both the onset time of propofol for hypnosis and the neuromuscular blocking effect of rapid-acting neuromuscular blockers, favoring the conditions for rapid sequence intubation. During maintenance, changes in cardiac output are followed by opposite changes in the drug plasma concentration of anesthetic drugs. Thus, an increase in cardiac output followed by a decrease in the plasma concentration of the anesthetic could expose the patient to a real risk of intraoperative awakening, which can be avoided by increasing the dose of hypnotic drugs. At emergence, an increase in cardiac output secondary to an increase in pC02 allows for a more rapid recovery from anesthesia. The pC02 can be increased by adding CO2 to the respiratory circuit, lowering the ventilatory rate, or placing the patient on partial rebreathing. Finally, the reversal action of sugammadex for rocuronium-induced neuromuscular block can be shortened by increasing the cardiac output.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen La relación entre el gasto cardíaco y los fármacos anestésicos es importante para los anestesiólogos puesto que el gasto cardíaco determina la velocidad con la cual un medicamento que se infunde al torrente sanguíneo llega a su diana y la intensidad del efecto del agente. Pero en lugar de concentrarnos en cómo los fármacos anestésicos afectan el gasto cardíaco, esta revisión narrativa se enfoca en cómo los cambios en el gasto cardíaco afectan la farmacocinética y la farmacodinámica de los agentes anestésicos generales durante las tres fases de la anestesia. En el momento de la inducción, un incremento en el gasto cardíaco acorta tanto el tiempo de inicio del efecto del propofol para la hipnosis como el efecto del bloqueo neuromuscular causado por los bloqueadores neuromusculares de acción rápida, favoreciendo las condiciones para la intubación de secuencia rápida. Durante la fase de mantenimiento, los cambios en el gasto cardíaco vienen seguidos de cambios opuestos en la concentración plasmática del medicamento de los agentes anestésicos. Por lo tanto, un aumento del gasto cardíaco, seguido de una reducción en la concentración plasmática del anestésico, podría exponer al paciente a un riesgo real de despertar intraoperatorio, lo cual puede evitarse aumentando la dosis de los fármacos hipnóticos. En la educción, un aumento en el gasto cardíaco secundario al incremento en el pCO2 permite una recuperación más rápida de la anestesia. El pCO2 puede aumentar agregando CO2 al circuito de la respiración, reduciendo la tasa ventilatoria, o colocando al paciente en re-inhalación parcial. Finalmente, la acción de reversión de sugammadex en caso de bloqueo neuromuscular inducido por rocuronio, puede acortarse aumentando el gasto cardíaco.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Anesthetics, general]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Anesthetics, intravenous]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Blood circulation]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Cardiac output]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Pharmacokinetics]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Anesthesiology]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Anestésicos generales]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Anestésicos intravenosos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Circulación sanguínea]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Gasto cardíaco]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Farmacocinética]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Anestesiología]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<label>1</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[De Wit]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Van Vliet]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[De Wilde]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jansen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vuyk]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aarts]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LP]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The effect of propofol on haemodynamics: Cardiac output, venous return, mean systemic filling pressure, and vascular resistances]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Br J Anaesth]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>116</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>784-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<label>2</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Masui]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Upton]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RN]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Doufas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Coetzee]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JF]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kazama]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mortier]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EP]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The performance of compartmental and physiologically based recirculatory pharmacokinetic models for propofol: A comparison using bolus, continuous, and target-controlled infusion data]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Anesth Analg]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>111</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>368-79</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<label>3</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Krejcie]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Avram]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[What determines anesthetic induction dose? It's the front-end kinetics, doctor!]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Anesth Analg]]></source>
<year>1999</year>
<volume>89</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>541-4</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<label>4</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fisher]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[(Almost) everything you learned about pharmacokinetics was (somewhat) wrong!]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Anesth Analg]]></source>
<year>1996</year>
<volume>83</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>901-3</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<label>5</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Upton]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RN]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Huang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[YF]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Influence of cardiac output, injection time and injection volume on the initial mixing of drugs with venous blood after i.v. bolus administration to sheep]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Br J Anaesth]]></source>
<year>1993</year>
<volume>70</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>333-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<label>6</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Upton]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RN]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The two-compartment recirculatory pharmacokinetic model - An introduction to recirculatory pharmacokinetic concepts]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Br J Anaesth]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>92</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>475-84</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<label>7</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kuipers]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Boer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Olofsen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bovill]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Burm]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AG]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Recirculatory pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of rocuronium in patients: The influence of cardiac output]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Anesthesiology]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>94</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>47-55</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<label>8</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Avram]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Krejcie]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Henthorn]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TK]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Niemann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CU]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[&#946;-adrenergic blockade affects initial drug distribution due to decreased cardiac output and altered blood flow distribution]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Pharmacol Exp Ther]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>311</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>617-24</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<label>9</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Szmuk]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ezri]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chelly]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Katz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The onset time of rocuronium is slowed by esmolol and accelerated by ephedrine]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Anesth Analg]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>90</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>1217-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<label>10</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Myburgh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Upton]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RN]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Grant]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martinez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Epinephrine, norepinephrine and dopamine infusions decrease propofol concentrations during continuous propofol infusion in an ovine model]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Intensive Care Med]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>27</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>276-82</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<label>11</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kurita]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Morita]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kazama]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sato]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Influence of cardiac output on plasma propofol concentrations during constant infusion in swine]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Anesthesiology]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>96</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>1498-503</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<label>12</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ezri]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Szmuk]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Warters]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gebhard]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pivalizza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Katz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Changes in onset time of rocuronium in patients pretreated with ephedrine and esmolol - The role of cardiac output]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Acta Anaesthesiol Scand]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>47</volume>
<numero>9</numero>
<issue>9</issue>
<page-range>1067-72</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<label>13</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wilson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ES]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McKinlay]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Crawford]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Robb]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The influence of esmolol on the dose of propofol required for induction of anaesthesia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Anaesthesia]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>59</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>122-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<label>14</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gras]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Servin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bedairia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Montravers]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Desmonts]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Longrois]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The effect of preoperative heart rate and anxiety on the propofol dose required for loss of consciousness]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Anesth Analg]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>110</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>89-93</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<label>15</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Adachi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[YU]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Watanabe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Higuchi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Satoh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The determinants of propofol induction of anesthesia dose]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Anesth Analg]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>92</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>656-61</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<label>16</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Katznelson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Minkovich]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Friedman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fedorko]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Beattie]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[WS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fisher]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JA]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Accelerated recovery from sevoflurane anesthesia with isocapnic hyperpnoea]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Anesth Analg]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>106</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>486-91</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<label>17</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ghosh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bithal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PK]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dash]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chaturvedi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Prabhakar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Both clonidine and metoprolol modify anesthetic depth indicators and reduce intraoperative propofol requirement]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Anesth]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>22</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>131-4</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<label>18</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sastre]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[López]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gómez-Ríos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Garzón]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mariscal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ML]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martínez-Hurtado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[ISR Study Group. [Current practice of rapid sequence induction in adults: A national survey among anesthesiologists in Spain]]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>67</volume>
<numero>7</numero>
<issue>7</issue>
<page-range>381-90</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<label>19</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Upton]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RN]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ludbrook]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GL]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A physiological model of induction of anaesthesia with propofol in sheep. 1. Structure and estimation of variables]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Br J Anaesth]]></source>
<year>1997</year>
<volume>79</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>497-504</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<label>20</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ludbrook]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Upton]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RN]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A physiological model of induction of anaesthesia with propofol in sheep. 2. Model analysis and implications for dose requirements]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Br J Anaesth]]></source>
<year>1997</year>
<volume>79</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>505-13</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<label>21</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Upton]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RN]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ludbrook]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Grant]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martinez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Cardiac output is a determinant of the initial concentrations of propofol after short-infusion administration]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Anesth Analg]]></source>
<year>1999</year>
<volume>89</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>545-52</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<label>22</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Takizawa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Takizawa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Al-Jahdari]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[WS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Miyazaki]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nakamura]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yamamoto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Influence of atropine on the dose requirements of propofol in humans]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Drug Metab Pharmacokinet]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>21</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>384-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<label>23</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Maranets]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kain]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Preoperative anxiety and intraoperative anesthetic requirements]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Anesth Analg]]></source>
<year>1999</year>
<volume>89</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>1346-51</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<label>24</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Muñoz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dagnino]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pérez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AE]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The effect of ephedrine on the onset time of rocuronium]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Anesth Analg]]></source>
<year>1997</year>
<volume>85</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>437-40</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<label>25</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Harrison]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Junius]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The effect of circulation time on the neuromuscular action of suxamethonium]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Anaesth Intensive Care]]></source>
<year>1972</year>
<volume>1</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>33-40</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<label>26</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ganidagli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cengiz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Baysal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effect of ephedrine on the onset time of succinylcholine]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Acta Anaesthesiol Scand]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>48</volume>
<numero>10</numero>
<issue>10</issue>
<page-range>1306-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<label>27</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Belyamani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Azendour]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Elhassouni]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zidouh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Atmani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kamili]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ND]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effect of ephedrine on the intubation conditions using rocuronium versus succinylcholine]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ann Fr Anesth Reanim]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>27</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>292-6</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[French]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<label>28</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gopalakrishna]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Krishna]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shenoy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[UK]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The effect of ephedrine on intubating conditions and haemodynamics during rapid tracheal intubation using propofol and rocuronium]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Br J Anaesth]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>99</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>191-4</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<label>29</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Han]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DW]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chun]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kweon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[YS]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Significance of the injection timing of ephedrine to reduce the onset time of rocuronium]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Anaesthesia]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>63</volume>
<numero>8</numero>
<issue>8</issue>
<page-range>856-60</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<label>30</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Santiveri]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mansilla]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pardina]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Navarro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alvarez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Castillo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Ephedrine shortens the onset of action of rocuronium but not of atracurium]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev Esp Anestesiol Reanim]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>50</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>176-81</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<label>31</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Komatsu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nagata]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ozaki]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sessler]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DI]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Ephedrine fails to accelerate the onset of neuromuscular block by vecuronium]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Anesth Analg]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>97</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>480-3</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<label>32</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kim]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cheong]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jeon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JW]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lee]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shim]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JC]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The dose effect of ephedrine on the onset time of vecuronium]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Anesth Analg]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>96</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>1042-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<label>33</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Anandan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Suseela]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Purayil]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Comparison of effect of ephedrine and priming on the onset time of vecuronium]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Anesth Essays Res]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>11</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>421-5</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<label>34</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Albert]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hans]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bitar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brichant]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JF]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dewan-dre]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PY]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lamy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effects of ephedrine on the onset time of neuromuscular block and intubating conditions after cisatracurium: preliminary result]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Acta Anaesthesiol Belg]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>51</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>167-71</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<label>35</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Leykin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dalsasso]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Setti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pelis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The effects of low-dose ephedrine on intubating conditions following low-dose priming with cisatracurium]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Clin Anesth]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>22</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>425-31</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<label>36</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cha]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kim]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jeong]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kwon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The dose effect of ephedrine on the onset time and intubating conditions after cisatracurium administration]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Korean J Anesthesiol]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>67</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>26-31</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<label>37</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sun]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tian]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Li]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tian]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jia WQ Yang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KH]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effect of ephedrine on intubating conditions created by propofol and rocuronium: A meta-analysis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Evid Based Med]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>5</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>209-15</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<label>38</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dong]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Xu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zheng]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Pharmacological interventions for acceleration of the onset time of rocuronium: A meta-analysis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[PLoS One]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>9</volume>
<numero>12</numero>
<issue>12</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<label>39</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kurita]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Uraoka]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jiang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Q]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Suzuki]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Morishima]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Morita]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Influence of cardiac output on the pseudosteady state remifentanil and propofol concentrations in swine]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Acta Anaesthesiol Scand]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>57</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>754-60</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B40">
<label>40</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Takizawa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nishikawa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sato]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hiraoka]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yamamoto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Saito]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A dopamine infusion decreases propofol concentration during epidural blockade under general anesthesia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Anesth]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>52</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>463-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B41">
<label>41</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[O'Neill]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DK]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aizer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Linton]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bloom]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rose]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chinitz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Isoproterenol infusion increases level of consciousness during catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Interv Card Electrophysiol]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>34</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>137-42</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B42">
<label>42</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ishiyama]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Oguchi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Iijima]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Matsukawa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kashimoto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kumazawa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Ephedrine, but not phenylephrine, increases bispectral index values during combined general and epidural anesthesia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Anesth Analg]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>97</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>780-4</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B43">
<label>43</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[YE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hwang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[WJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Koh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Min JY]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LJ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The sparing effect of low-dose esmolol on sevoflurane during laparoscopic gynaecological surgery]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Int Med Res]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>39</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>1861-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B44">
<label>44</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bienert]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sobczyñski]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mtodawska]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hart-mann-Sobczyñska]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Grzeskowiak]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wiczling]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The influence of cardiac output on propofol and fentanyl pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in patients undergoing abdominal aortic surgery]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Pharmacokinet Pharmacodyn]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>47</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>583-96</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B45">
<label>45</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Matthews]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Isoproterenol-induced elevated bispectral indexes while undergoing radiofrequency ablation: A case report]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[AANA J]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>74</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>193-5</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B46">
<label>46</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Catalá Ripoll]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JV]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hidalgo-Olivares]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[VM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Monsalve-Naharro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JÁ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gerónimo-Pardo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Intraoperative awareness as an example of the influence of cardiac output on anesthe-tic dosing: case report]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Colombian Journal of Anesthesiology]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>46</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>341-4</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B47">
<label>47</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Crystal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GJ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Carbon dioxide and the heart: Physiology and clinical implications]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Anesth Analg]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>121</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>610-23</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B48">
<label>48</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sakata]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gopalakrishnan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[NA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Orr]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[White]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Westenskow]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DR]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Hypercapnic hyperventilation shortens emergence time from isoflurane anesthesia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Anesth Analg]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>104</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>587-91</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B49">
<label>49</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vesely]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fisher]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sasano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Preiss]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Somogyi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[El-Beheiry]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Isocapnic hyperpnoea accelerates recovery from isoflurane anaesthesia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Br J Anaesth]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>91</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>787-92</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B50">
<label>50</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yaraghi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Golparvar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Talakoub]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sateie]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mehrabi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Hypercapnic hyperventilation shortens emergence time from propofol and isoflurane anesthesia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Res Pharm Pract]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>2</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>24-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B51">
<label>51</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brosnan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Steffey]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Escobar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effects of hypercapnic hyperpnea on recovery from iso-flurane or sevoflurane anesthesia in horses]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Vet Anaesth Analg]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>39</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>335-44</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B52">
<label>52</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shinohara]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nozaki-Taguchi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yoshimura]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hasegawa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Saito]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Okazaki]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Hypercapnia versus normocapnia for emergence from desflurane anaesthesia: Single-blinded randomised controlled study]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Eur J Anaesthesiol]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>38</volume>
<numero>11</numero>
<issue>11</issue>
<page-range>1148-57</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B53">
<label>53</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kadoi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nishida]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Saito]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Recovery time after sugammadex reversal of rocuroniuminduced muscle relaxation for electroconvulsive therapy is independent of cardiac output in both young and elderly patients]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J ECT]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>29</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>33-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B54">
<label>54</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yoshida]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Suzuki]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kashiwai]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Furuya]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Konishi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ogawa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Correlation between cardiac output and reversibility of rocuronium-in-duced moderate neuromuscular block with sugammadex]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Acta Anaesthesiol Scand]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>56</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>83-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
