<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0120-3347</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Colombian Journal of Anestesiology]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. colomb. anestesiol.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0120-3347</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[SCARE-Sociedad Colombiana de Anestesiología y Reanimación]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0120-33472024000200006</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5554/22562087.e1100</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Shortage of perioperative supplies and drugs: Theory and practical implications]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Desabastecimiento de insumos y medicamentos de uso perioperatorio: teoría e implicaciones prácticas]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rincón-Valenzuela]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[David A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gómez-Ardila]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ciro]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional de Colombia School of Medicine ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Bogotá ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de La Sabana INALDE Business School Department of Finance and Leadership Control]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ Chía]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>52</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0120-33472024000200006&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0120-33472024000200006&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0120-33472024000200006&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract During the past three decades the world has been witness to an alarming increase in the shortage of drugs and biomedical products in the field of anesthesia and surgical care. This situation can be particularly challenging when there are no therapeutic alternatives available, as is the case with some supplies and drugs for perioperative use. Anesthesiologists, who play a crucial role in the preparation of the drugs they administer, are particularly aware of these shortages. The reasons for these shortages are diverse and involve problems in supply, demand and government regulation. Among the causes identified are the increase in demand, bidding systems and the sustainability challenges faced by pharmaceutical companies. It is essential to understand these causes in order to seek strategies to reduce the risk of shortages of medicines and supplies. Addressing this challenge requires improving supply chain management, fostering transparency in information on stock-outs, promoting local production of medicines, and strengthening procurement and distribution regulations and policies. The solution to this problem requires a comprehensive and collaborative approach, with multiple stakeholders working together to ensure adequate access to needed medications in the anesthesia and surgical care setting.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen Durante las últimas tres décadas, en el mundo se ha observado un alarmante aumento en el desabastecimiento de medicamentos y productos biomédicos en el ámbito de la atención anestésica y quirúrgica. Esta situación puede resultar especialmente problemática cuando no existen alternativas terapéuticas disponibles, como ocurre en algunos casos de insumos y medicamentos de uso perioperatorio. Los anestesiólogos, quienes desempeñan un papel crucial en la preparación de los medicamentos que administran, son particularmente conscientes de estos fenómenos de desabastecimiento. Las causas de estos desabastecimientos son diversas e involucran problemas en la oferta, la demanda y la regulación estatal. Entre las causas identificadas se encuentran el aumento en la demanda, los sistemas de licitación y los desafíos de sostenibilidad que enfrentan las empresas farmacéuticas. Es fundamental comprender estas causas para buscar estrategias que reduzcan el riesgo de desabastecimiento de medicamentos e insumos. Para abordar este desafío se requiere mejorar la gestión de la cadena de suministro, fomentar la transparencia en la información sobre desabastecimientos, promover la producción local de medicamentos y fortalecer las regulaciones y políticas de adquisición y distribución. La solución a este problema exige un enfoque integral y colaborativo, en el que múltiples partes interesadas trabajen conjuntamente para garantizar un acceso adecuado a los medicamentos necesarios en el ámbito de la atención anestésica y quirúrgica.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Anesthesia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Analgesia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Resource shortage for health]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Economics, pharmaceutical]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Equipment and supplies]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Drugs, generic]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Intellectual property of pharmaceutic products and process]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Anestesia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Analgesia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Escasez de recursos para la salud]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Economía farmacéutica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Equipos y suministros]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Medicamentos genéricos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Propiedad intelectual de productos y procesos farmacéuticos]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<label>1</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Steinbrook]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Drug shortages and public health]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[N Engl J Med]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>361</volume>
<numero>16</numero>
<issue>16</issue>
<page-range>1525-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<label>2</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[De Oliveira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Theilken]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McCarthy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RJ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Shortage of perioperative drugs: implications for anesthesia practice and patient safety]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Anesth Analg]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>113</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>1429-35</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<label>3</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fox]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ER]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sweet]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BV]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jensen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Drug shortages: a complex health care crisis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Mayo Clin Proc]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>89</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>361-73</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<label>4</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jensen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rappaport]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BA]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The reality of drug shortages. The case of the injectable agent propofol]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[N Engl J Med]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>363</volume>
<numero>9</numero>
<issue>9</issue>
<page-range>806-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<label>5</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>The Economist</collab>
<source><![CDATA[A dire scarcity of drugs is worsening, in part, because they are so cheap]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<label>6</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Leung]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Health economic evaluation: A primer for healthcare professionals]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Prim Health Care Open Access]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>6</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<label>7</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Palmer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Raftery]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Economics notes: Opportunity cost]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[BMJ]]></source>
<year>1999</year>
<volume>318</volume>
<numero>7197</numero>
<issue>7197</issue>
<page-range>1551-2</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<label>8</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mankiw]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[NG]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Principles of economics]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<edition>9</edition>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Cengage Learning, Inc]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<label>9</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shukar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zahoor]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hayat]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Saeed]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gilllani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Omer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Drug shortage: Causes, impact, and mitigation strategies]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Front Pharmacol]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<page-range>693426</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<label>10</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Scherer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[FM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Chapter 25 The pharmaceutical industry]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Handbook of Health Economics]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>1</volume>
<page-range>1297-336</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[Elsevier]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<label>11</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Milgrom]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Roberts]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Economics, organization, and management]]></source>
<year>1992</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Prentice-Hall]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<label>12</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Pharma 50: The 50 largest pharmaceutical companies in the world</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Drug Discovery and Development]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<label>13</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lakdawalla]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DN]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Economics of the pharmaceutical industry]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Econ Lit]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>56</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>397-449</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<label>14</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Krugman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wells]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Microeconomía]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Editorial Reverté]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<label>15</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tirole]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[La economía del bien común]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Penguin Random House Grupo Editorial España]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<label>16</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Samuelson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nordhaus]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Economía con aplicaciones]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[McGraw-Hill]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<label>17</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cowen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tabarrok]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Modern principles: Microeconomics]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Worth Publ Incorporated]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<label>18</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sowell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Economía básica: un manual de economía escrito desde el sentido común]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Grupo Planeta (GBS)]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<label>19</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Varian]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HR]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Microeconomía intermedia]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<edition>8</edition>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Antoni Bosch Editor, S.A]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<label>20</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dosi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marengo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Staccioli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Virgillito]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ME]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Big Pharma and monopoly capitalism: A long-term view]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Struct Change Econ Dyn]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<volume>65</volume>
<page-range>15-35</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<label>21</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Angell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[La verdad acerca de la industria farmacéutica]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Editorial Norma]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<label>22</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Khachigian]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Pharmaceutical patents: reconciling the human right to health with the incentive to invent]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Drug Discov Today]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>25</volume>
<numero>7</numero>
<issue>7</issue>
<page-range>1135-41</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<label>23</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Weiser]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Haynes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Molina]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lipsitz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Esquivel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Uribe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Size and distribution of the global volume of surgery in 2012]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Bull World Health Organ]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>94</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>201-9F</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<label>24</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hanna]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Herrera-Almario]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pinilla-Roncancio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tulloch]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Valencia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sabatino]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Use of the six core surgical indicators from the Lancet Commission on Global Surgery in Colombia: a situational analysis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Lancet Glob Health]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>8</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>e699-710</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<label>25</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Phuong]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Penm]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chaar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Oldfield]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moles]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The impacts of medication shortages on patient outcomes: A scoping review]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[PLOS ONE]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>14</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<label>26</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Walker]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chaar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pillai]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lim]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Medicine shortages in Fiji: A qualitative exploration of stakeholders&#8217; views]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[PLOS ONE]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<label>27</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fugh-Berman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Homedes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[How drug companies manipulate prescribing behavior]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Colombian Journal of Anesthesiology]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>1</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<label>28</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dranitsaris]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jacobs]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kirchhoff]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Popovian]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shane]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LG]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Drug tendering: drug supply and shortage implications for the uptake of biosimilars]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Clin Outcomes Res]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>9</volume>
<page-range>573-84</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<label>29</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fox]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ER]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tyler]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LS]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Potential association between drug shortages and high-cost medications]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Pharmacother J Hum Pharmacol Drug Ther]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>37</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>36-42</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<label>30</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dave]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CV]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pawar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fox]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ER]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brill]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kesselheim]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AS]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Predictors of drug shortages and association with generic drug prices: A retrospective cohort study]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Value Health]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>21</volume>
<numero>11</numero>
<issue>11</issue>
<page-range>1286-90</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<label>31</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schweitzer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SO]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[How the US Food and Drug Administration can solve the prescription drug shortage problem]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Am J Public Health]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>103</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>e10-4</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<label>32</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mazer-Amirshahi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pourmand]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Singer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pines]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Van Den Anker]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Critical drug shortages: Implications for emergency medicine]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Acad Emerg Med]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>21</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>704-11</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<label>33</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rincón-Valenzuela]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gómez-Ardila]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Cost-benefit relationship of keeping dantrolene stocks from the point of view of healthcare institutions]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Colombian Journal of Anesthesiology]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>48</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>63-70</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<label>34</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Acosta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vanegas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rovira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Godman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bochenek]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Medicine shortages: Gaps between countries and global perspectives]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Front Pharmacol]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>10</volume>
<page-range>763</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<label>35</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dill]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ahn]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Drug shortages in developed countries-reasons, therapeutic consequences, and handling]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Eur J Clin Pharmacol]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>70</volume>
<numero>12</numero>
<issue>12</issue>
<page-range>1405-12</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<label>36</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mazer-Amirshahi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fox]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ER]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Saline shortages - Many causes, no simple solution]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[N Engl J Med]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>378</volume>
<numero>16</numero>
<issue>16</issue>
<page-range>1472-4</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<label>37</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<collab>World Health Organization</collab>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Medicines shortages: global approaches to addressing shortages of essential medicines in health systems]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[WHO Drug Inf]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>30</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>180-5</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<label>38</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Emmett]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Supply chains in healthcare organizations: Lessons learned from recent shortages]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Hosp Top]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>97</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>133-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<label>39</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rowan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[NJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Laffey]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JG]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Challenges and solutions for addressing critical shortage of supply chain for personal and protective equipment (PPE) arising from Coronavirus disease (COVID19) pandemic - Case study from the Republic of Ireland]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Sci Total Environ]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>725</volume>
<page-range>138532</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B40">
<label>40</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kaakeh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sweet]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BV]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reilly]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bush]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[De-Loach]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Higgins]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Impact of drug shortages on U.S. health systems]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Am J Health Syst Pharm]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>68</volume>
<numero>19</numero>
<issue>19</issue>
<page-range>1811-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B41">
<label>41</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ferrière]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bodenes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bailly]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[L&#8217;Her]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Shortage of anesthetics: Think of inhaled sedation!]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Crit Care]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>63</volume>
<page-range>104-5</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B42">
<label>42</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ayati]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Saiyarsarai]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nikfar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Short and long term impacts of COVID-19 on the pharmaceutical sector]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[DARU J Pharm Sci]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>28</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>799-805</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B43">
<label>43</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Badreldin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Atallah]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Global drug shortages due to COVID-19: Impact on patient care and mitigation strategies]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Res Soc Adm Pharm]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>17</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>1946-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B44">
<label>44</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Maneno]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JN]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ness]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GL]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Andexanet Alfa, the possible alternative to protamine for reversal of unfractionated heparin]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ann Pharmacother]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>55</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>261-4</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B45">
<label>45</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rinaldi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[De Denus]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nguyen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nattel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bussières]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JF]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Drug shortages: Patients and health care providers are all drawing the short straw]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Can J Cardiol]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>33</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>283-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B46">
<label>46</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hedlund]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[NG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Isgor]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zwanziger]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rondelli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Crawford]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Drug shortage impacts patient receipt of induction treatment]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Health Serv Res]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>53</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>5078-105</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B47">
<label>47</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kornai]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[What economics of shortage and the socialist system have to say to the (Hungarian) readers today]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Acta Oeconomica]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>62</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>365-84</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B48">
<label>48</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Baddeley]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Hoarding in the age of COVID-19]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Behav Econ Policy]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>4</volume>
<numero>S</numero>
<issue>S</issue>
<page-range>69-75</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B49">
<label>49</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hantel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Siegler]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hlubocky]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Colgan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Daugherty]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CK]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Prevalence and severity of rationing during drug shortages: A national survey of health system pharmacists]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[JAMA Intern Med]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>179</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>710</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B50">
<label>50</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Costelloe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guinane]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nugent]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Halley]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Parsons]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[An audit of drug shortages in a community pharmacy practice]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ir J Med Sci]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>184</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>435-40</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B51">
<label>51</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hughes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Goswami]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[ES]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Morris]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JL]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Impact of a drug shortage on medication errors and clinical outcomes in the pediatric intensive care unit]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Pediatr Pharmacol Ther]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>20</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>453-61</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B52">
<label>52</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Musazzi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[UM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Di Giorgio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Minghetti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[New regulatory strategies to manage medicines shortages in Europe]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Int J Pharm]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>579</volume>
<page-range>119171</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
