<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0120-3347</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Colombian Journal of Anestesiology]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. colomb. anestesiol.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0120-3347</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[SCARE-Sociedad Colombiana de Anestesiología y Reanimación]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0120-33472024000400005</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5554/22562087.e1118</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Spinal anesthesia in children: an educational review]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Anestesia raquídea en niños: una revisión educativa]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Khrapak]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Maksym]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Everett]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Tobias]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Munshey]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Farrukh]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,The Hospital for Sick Children Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Toronto ]]></addr-line>
<country>Canada</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,University of Toronto Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Toronto ]]></addr-line>
<country>Canada</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>52</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0120-33472024000400005&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0120-33472024000400005&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0120-33472024000400005&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract Despite the well-known benefits of spinal anesthesia (SA), this technique remains underutilized among pediatric anesthesiologists. According to the data from the Pediatric Regional Anesthesia Network, SA accounted for less than 5% of all neuraxial techniques. Some of the factors for underutilization of SA include: Limited duration, unfamiliarity with the technique in younger children, and surgeon preference for general anesthesia. The safe and successful use of SA in children involves recognition of anatomical and physiological differences between adults and children owing to differences in bony structures, spinal cord growth and cerebrospinal fluid physiology. Reports on successful use of SA in children for various surgeries have increased. This educational review summarizes what is known about SA in children, reviews the literature from the last decade and provides suggestions for development of SA in children. Technical considerations, role of ultrasound, guidance on dosing, physiological effects, unexplained aspects of the mechanism of action and combined caudal/SA are discussed.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen A pesar de los beneficios bien conocidos de la anestesia raquídea (AR), esta técnica sigue siendo subutilizada entre los anestesiólogos pediátricos. De acuerdo con los datos de la Red Regional de Anestesia Pediátrica, la AR representó menos del 5% de todas las técnicas neuroaxiales. Algunos de los factores a los que se atribuye dicha subutilización son: su duración limitada, la falta de familiaridad con la técnica en niños de menor edad, y la preferencia del anestesiólogo por la anestesia general. El uso seguro y exitoso de la AR en niños implica el claro conocimiento de las diferencias anatómicas y fisiológicas entre adultos y niños, en virtud de las diferencias en las estructuras óseas, el crecimiento de la médula espinal y la fisiología del líquido cefalorraquídeo. Los reportes sobre el uso exitoso de la AR en niños para diferentes cirugías ha aumentado. La presente revisión educativa resumen la información conocida sobre AR en niños, revisiones de la literatura de la última década y ofrece sugerencias para el desarrollo de la AR en población pediátrica. Se discuten consideraciones técnicas, el papel de la ecografía, orientación sobre la dosificación, los efectos fisiológicos, aspectos no explicados del mecanismo de acción y la combinación de anestesia raquídea/caudal.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Pediatric anesthesia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Spinal anesthesia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Newborns]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Infants]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Children]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Surgery]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Anesthesia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Anesthesiology]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Anestesia pediátrica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Anestesia raquídea]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Neonatos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Lactantes]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Niños]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Cirugía]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Anestesia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Anestesiología]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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