<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0120-3347</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Colombian Journal of Anestesiology]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. colomb. anestesiol.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0120-3347</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[SCARE-Sociedad Colombiana de Anestesiología y Reanimación]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0120-33472026000100001</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5554/22562087.e1178</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Of models and monocultures: epistemic risks of artificial intelligence in medical research]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[De modelos y monocultivos: riesgos epistémicos de la inteligencia artificial en la investigación médica]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alvarado-Sánchez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jorge Iván]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A a"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A3"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá Department of Intensive Care ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Bogotá ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional de Colombia Faculty of Medicine Department of Physiology Sciences]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Bogotá ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Colombian Journal of Anesthesiology  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Bogotá ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2026</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2026</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>54</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0120-33472026000100001&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0120-33472026000100001&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0120-33472026000100001&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri></article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<label>1</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Du]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Huang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Liu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Scientific discovery in the age of artificial intelligence]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nature]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<volume>620</volume>
<numero>7972</numero>
<issue>7972</issue>
<page-range>47-60</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<label>2</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kapoor]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MC]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Navigating the Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Medical Writing]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ann Card Anaesth]]></source>
<year>2025</year>
<volume>28</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>105-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<label>3</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gallifant]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Afshar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ameen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aphinyanaphongs]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cacciamani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The TRIPOD-LLM reporting guideline for studies using large language models]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nat Med]]></source>
<year>2025</year>
<volume>31</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>60-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<label>4</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alvarado-Sánchez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JI]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The invisible weight of knowledge: epistemic inequity in global critical care research]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Intensive Care Med]]></source>
<year>2025</year>
<volume>51</volume>
<page-range>1724-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<label>5</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Messeri]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Crockett]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MJ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Artificial intelligence and illusions of understanding in scientific research]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nature]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
<volume>627</volume>
<numero>8002</numero>
<issue>8002</issue>
<page-range>49-58</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<label>6</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pratt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[de Vries]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Where is knowledge from the global South? An account of epistemic justice for a global bioethics]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Med Ethics]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
<volume>49</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>325-34</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<label>7</label><nlm-citation citation-type="confpro">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bender]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gebru]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McMillan-Major]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shmitchell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[On the Dangers of Stochastic Parrots]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<conf-name><![CDATA[ ACM Conference on Fairness, Accountability, and Transparency]]></conf-name>
<conf-date>2021</conf-date>
<conf-loc> </conf-loc>
<page-range>610-23</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[New York, NY, USA ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[ACM]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<label>8</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alvero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lee]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Regla-Vargas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kizilcec]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RF]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Joachims]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Antonio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AL]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Large language models, social demography, and hegemony: comparing authorship in human and synthetic text]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Big Data]]></source>
<year>2024</year>
<volume>11</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>138</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<label>9</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Santos B de]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Epistemologies of the South Justice Against Epistemicide]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<label>10</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Obermeyer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Powers]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vogeli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mullainathan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Dissecting racial bias in an algorithm used to manage the health of populations]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Science (1979)]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>366</volume>
<numero>6464</numero>
<issue>6464</issue>
<page-range>447-53</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<label>11</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Durán]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jongsma]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KR]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Who is afraid of black box algorithms? On the epistemological and ethical basis of trust in medical AI]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Med Ethics]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>47</volume>
<page-range>329-35</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<label>12</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Obermeyer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Powers]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vogeli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mullainathan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Dissecting racial bias in an algorithm used to manage the health of populations]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Science (1979)]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>366</volume>
<numero>6464</numero>
<issue>6464</issue>
<page-range>447-53</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<label>13</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vera-Baceta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Thelwall]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kousha]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Web of Science and Scopus language coverage]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Scientometrics]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>121</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>1803-13</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<label>14</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>ELICIT</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Information and advice from the Elicit team]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
