<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0120-3584</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Desarrollo y Sociedad]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Desarro. soc.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0120-3584</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad de los Andes]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0120-35842021000100011</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.13043/dys.87.1</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[The short-term impact of urban air pollution on student achievement]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[El impacto a corto plazo de la contaminación del aire urbano en el rendimiento de los estudiantes]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rojas-Vallejos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jorge]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jiménez Bucarey]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Carmen Gloria]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Espinoza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Marcela]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Araya-Castillo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Luis]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Andres Bello  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Chile</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Andrés Bello  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Chile</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Santiago de Chile  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Chile</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Andrés Bello  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Chile</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>04</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>04</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<numero>87</numero>
<fpage>11</fpage>
<lpage>32</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0120-35842021000100011&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0120-35842021000100011&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0120-35842021000100011&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract  Goal: The relationship between air pollution and human health has been widely studied in medicine and economics. However, only a few recent articles have estimated the direct impact of air pollution on academic achievement.  Methodology: We collect daily air pollution data from all monitoring stations in the city of Santiago, Chile, and combine it with academic results recorded by the National Learning Outcome Assessment System of (SIMCE in Spanish) for fourth grade students over the past decade, to create a unique pooled cross-sectional dataset.  Results: Applying different econometric strategies, we find that certain air pollutants have a negative impact on the test scores of the cohort. Our estimated effects are negative and statistically significant, ranging between 0.02 and 0.06 standard deviations.  Conclusions: These results seem to be small, but are equivalent to around 30% of a successful educational policy that specifically targets performance.  Recommendations: Public policy must consider the positive externalities of reducing air pollution.  JEL Classification: C23, C55, I18, Q53.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen  Objetivo: La relación entre la contaminación del aire y la salud humana se ha estudiado ampliamente en medicina y economía. Sin embargo, sólo unos pocos artículos recientes han estimado el impacto directo de la contaminación del aire en el rendimiento académico.  Metodología: Recopilamos datos diarios de contaminación del aire de todas las estaciones de monitoreo en la ciudad de Santiago de Chile, y los combinamos con los datos de los resultados académicos registrados por el Sistema de Medición de la Calidad de la Educación (SIMCE) para estudiantes de cuarto grado durante la última década, para crear un conjunto agrupado único de datos transversales.  Resultados: Aplicando diferentes estrategias econométricas, encontramos que ciertos contaminantes del aire tienen un impacto negativo en los puntajes de las pruebas de la cohorte. Nuestros efectos estimados son negativos y estadísticamente significativos, oscilando entre 0.02 y 0.06 desviaciones estándar.  Conclusiones: Estos resultados pueden interpretarse como pequeños, pero equivalen al efecto de alrededor del 30% de una política educativa exitosa que apunta específicamente al desempeño.  Recomendaciones: La política pública debe considerar las externalidades positivas de reducir la contaminación del aire.  Clasificación JEL: C23, C55, I18, Q53.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[government policy]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[academic performance]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[pollutants]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Chile]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[política pública]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[rendimiento escolar]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[contaminación del aire]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Chile]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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