<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0120-3584</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Desarrollo y Sociedad]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Desarro. soc.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0120-3584</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad de los Andes]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0120-35842022000300005</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.13043/dys.92.4</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[The &#8216;carrot&#8217; and the &#8216;stick&#8217; to reduce coca plantations in Colombia: An empirical investigation]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[La &#8216;zanahoria&#8217; y el &#8216;garrote&#8217; para reducir las plantaciones de coca en Colombia: una investigación empírica]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Borrero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Hernán]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Parada]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jairo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,University of Missouri  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Estados Unidos de América</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad del Norte  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<numero>92</numero>
<fpage>141</fpage>
<lpage>167</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0120-35842022000300005&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0120-35842022000300005&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0120-35842022000300005&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract In Colombia, efforts to reduce coca cultivation include forced eradication (FE), interdiction, alternative development (AD), and a series of territorial transformations (TT). Whereas some of these policies have been assessed separately by the empirical literature, no attention has been paid to their possible complementarities. Following an economics of crime approach, we argue that people&#8217;s choice to grow coca depends on both the costs imposed by FE and interdiction, on the one hand, and the benefits arising from AD and TT, on the other. To test this, we collect data on the country&#8217;s 291 municipalities with net positive levels of coca cultivation from 2005 to 2015 and estimate a panel data regression model with fixed effects. The results suggest that, besides being complementary, these groups of policies also depend on each other to be effective. JEL Classification: C23, D74, K42, O13, O17, O54.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen En Colombia, los esfuerzos para reducir el cultivo de coca incluyen erradicación forzada (FE), interdicción, desarrollo alternativo (AD) y una serie de transformaciones territoriales (TT). Mientras algunas de estas políticas han sido abordadas individualmente por la literatura empírica, no se le ha brindado ninguna atención a las posibles complementariedades entre ellas. Siguiendo la teoría económica del crimen, argumentamos que la decisión de cultivar coca depende tanto de los costos impuestos por la FE y la interdicción, por un lado, como de los beneficios surgidos del AD y las TT, por el otro. Para probarlo, reunimos información estadística de los 291 municipios del país afectados con niveles positivos netos de coca en el periodo comprendido entre 2005 y 2015, y estimamos un modelo de datos de panel con efectos fijos. Los resultados sugieren que, más que complementarios, los grupos de políticas señalados dependen el uno del otro para ser efectivos. Clasificación JEL: C23, D74, K42, O13, O17, O54.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[illicit crops]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[forced eradication]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[air-spraying]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[manual eradication]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[interdiction]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[alternative development]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[territorial transformations]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Plan Colombia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Paz Colombia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Colombia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[cultivos ilícitos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[erradicación forzada]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[fumigación aérea]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[erradicación manual]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[interdicción]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[desarrollo alternativo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[transformaciones territoriales]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Plan Colombia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Paz Colombia]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
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