<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0120-3584</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Desarrollo y Sociedad]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Desarro. soc.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0120-3584</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad de los Andes]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0120-35842024000200003</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.13043/dys.97.2</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Vulnerabilidad e informalidad: ¿Los trabajadores vulnerables son más propensos a la informalidad? Evidencia empírica de Ecuador]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Vulnerability and informality: Are vulnerable workers more prone to informality? Empirical evidence from Ecuador]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Figueroa C.]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[David Sebastián]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ávila V.]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Pamela Gabriela]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mendoza V.]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[César Andrés]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Cuenca Facultad de Ciencias Económicas y Administrativas ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Cuenca ]]></addr-line>
<country>Ecuador</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto de Altos Estudios Nacionales Escuela de Economía Pública y Sectores Estratégicos ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Quito ]]></addr-line>
<country>Ecuador</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<numero>97</numero>
<fpage>33</fpage>
<lpage>58</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0120-35842024000200003&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0120-35842024000200003&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0120-35842024000200003&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen Este artículo analiza la relación entre el índice de vulnerabilidad del empleo (IV) y la informalidad laboral en Ecuador durante 2018, 2019 y 2021 (considerando los periodos pre y pospandemia). Para construir el IV se empleó un análisis de componentes principales policóricos (ACPP), mientras que para evaluar su relación con la condición de informalidad del trabajador se elaboraron un modelo de regresión logística y un modelo de probabilidad lineal usando mínimos cuadrados en dos etapas. Los resultados revelan una asociación positiva entre la vulnerabilidad del empleo y la probabilidad de que un trabajador forme parte del sector informal, siendo esta relación más pro- nunciada en aquellos trabajadores con un IV más elevado. En este sentido, los tomadores de decisiones deben centrar sus esfuerzos en mejorar las condiciones de los trabajadores, incrementando su nivel educativo y creando programas de incentivos a la formalización laboral.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract This research is intended to examine the relationship between the Employment Vulnerability Index (EVI) and labor informality in Ecuador in 2018, 2019, and 2021 (considering both preand post-pandemic periods). The EVI was constructed using a polychoric principal components analysis (PCPA), while a logistic regression model and a two-stage least squares linear probability model were employed to evaluate its association with workers&#8217; informal status. The findings indicate a positive correlation between employment vulnerability and the likelihood of a worker being engaged in the informal sector, with this correlation being particularly pronounced among individuals with higher EVI scores. Accordingly, policymakers are advised to concentrate their efforts on enhancing workers&#8217; conditions by increasing educational attainment and implementing programs designed to incentivize formal employment.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[empleo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[mercado de trabajo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Ecuador]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Employment]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[labor market]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Ecuador]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[C51]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[J01]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[J60]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[J81]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
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