<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0120-3649</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Theologica Xaveriana]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Theol. Xave.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0120-3649</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Facultad de Teología de la Pontificia Universidad Javeriana.]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0120-36492018000200020</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.11144/javeriana.tx68-186.ltiuc</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Liberation Theology and Its Utopian Crisis]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[La teología de la liberación y su crisis utópica]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Castrillón Restrepo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[José Fernando]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Pontificia Universidad Javeriana  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2018</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2018</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>68</volume>
<numero>186</numero>
<fpage>20</fpage>
<lpage>45</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0120-36492018000200020&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0120-36492018000200020&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0120-36492018000200020&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract  Liberation theology developed as a theology that focused on the injustices lived by the poor. The 70&#8217;s and the early 80&#8217;s were the peak of liberation theology with the main production of its authors. However, the enthusiasm for this theology and its academic production began to decrease in the middle of the 80&#8217;s. By exploring some theoretical elements of the first generation of liberation theology, we attempt to show that there is a crisis in the former liberation theology, and also that modern utopian reason is at the core of the origin of this crisis. Finally, this article critically analyzes the naive utopian belief in the emergence of ideal worlds in history and its influence on the vision of praxis in liberation theology as well as on modern social thought.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen  La teología de la liberación se desarrolló como una teología centrada en las injusticias padecidas por los pobres. Los años setenta y los inicios de ochenta fueron el apogeo de la teología de la liberación con la producción principal de sus autores. Sin embargo, el entusiasmo por esta teología y su producción académica comenzó a disminuir a mediados de los años ochenta. Al explorar algunos elementos teóricos de la primera generación de la teología de la liberación, intentamos mostrar que hay una crisis en la teología de la liberación precedente, y también que la razón utópica moderna está en el corazón del origen de esta crisis. Finalmente, este artículo analiza críticamente la ingenua creencia utópica en la generación de mundos ideales en la historia, así como su influencia sobre la visión de la praxis en la teología de la liberación y sobre el pensamiento social moderno.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Liberation theology]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Utopian reason]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Praxis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Teleology]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Modern social thought]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Teología de la liberación]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[razón utópica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[praxis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[teleología]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[pensamientos sociales modernos]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Angarita]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Carlos]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Apuntes para Repensar la Teología de la Liberación en América Latina y el Caribe]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Pasos]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<numero>137</numero>
<issue>137</issue>
<page-range>31-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Antoncich]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ricardo]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Los Cristianos ante la Injusticia: Hacia una Lectura Latinoamericana de la Doctrina Social de la Iglesia]]></source>
<year>1980</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Bogota ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Ediciones Grupo Social]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Daniel]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Liberation Theology After the End of History]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[New York (NY) ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Taylor &amp; Francis Group]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Liberation Theology Was Mere &#8216;Millenarism&#8217; that Would Have No Justification Today]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Catholic News Agency]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Biord Castillo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Raúl]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Ponderación Teológica del Método Ver-Juzgar-Actuar]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Tepeyac Institute]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Boff]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Clodovis]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Cartas Católicas sobre o Socialismo]]></source>
<year>1989</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Petrópolis ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Vozes]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Boff]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Clodovis]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Epistemología y Método de la Teología de la Liberación]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sobrino]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jon]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ellacuría]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ignacio]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Mysterium Liberationis: Conceptos Fundamentales de la Teología de la Liberación]]></source>
<year>1990</year>
<page-range>79-114</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Madrid ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Trotta]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Boff]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Leonardo]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[El Lugar y el Papel de la Teología en los Procesos de Cambio del Continente en el Contexto Mundial. Congreso Continental de Teología]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Teología de la liberación y Centro Manuel Larraín. YouTube]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Boff]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Leonardo]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Gracia y Liberación del Hombre: Experiencia y Doctrina de la Gracia]]></source>
<year>1978</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Madrid ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Cristiandad]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Boff]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Leonardo]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[¿Liberación como Teologia o como Acción Práctica?]]></article-title>
<collab>Departamento Ecuménico de Investigaciones</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Teología de la liberación. Documentos sobre una polémica]]></source>
<year>1984</year>
<page-range>51-4</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[San José ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[DEI]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Boff]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Leonardo]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Liberating Grace]]></source>
<year>1981</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Maryknoll (N.Y) ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Orbis]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Boff]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Leonardo]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Teología desde el Lugar del Pobre]]></source>
<year>1988</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Santander ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Sal Terrae]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<collab>Celam</collab>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Documento de Puebla. III Conferencia General del Episcopado Latinoamericano]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Celam]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Codina]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Víctor]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Las Iglesias en el Continente 50 Años después del Vaticano II: Cuestiones Pendientes]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Congreso Continental de Teología. Teología de la liberación y Centro Manuel Larraín. YouTube]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<collab>Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith</collab>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Instruction on Certain Aspects of the &#8216;Theology of Liberation&#8217; Libertatis Nuntius]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Vatican]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<collab>Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith</collab>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Instruction on Christian Freedom and Liberation Libertatis Conscientia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Vatican]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cosmao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Vincent]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La Salvación a la Luz de la Teología de la Liberación]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Selecciones de Teología]]></source>
<year>1979</year>
<volume>18</volume>
<numero>70</numero>
<issue>70</issue>
<page-range>179-83</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Costadoat]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jorge]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Conversando con Jorge Costadoat, S. J. Congreso Continental de Teología]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Teología de la liberación y Centro Manuel Larraín. YouTube]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[De Mori]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Geraldo]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La Théologie de la Libération à L&#8217;heure du Pluralisme Culturel et Religieux]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Etudes. Revue de Culture Contemporaine]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>420</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>61-71</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dussel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Enrique]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Historia de la Iglesia en América Latina]]></source>
<year>1992</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Madrid ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Esquila Misional]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dussel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Enrique]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Teología de la Liberación y Marxismo]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sobrino]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jon]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ellacuria]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ignacio]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Mysterium Liberationis: Conceptos Fundamentales de la Teología de la Liberación]]></source>
<year>1990</year>
<page-range>121-32</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Madrid ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Trotta]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ellacuría]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ignacio]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Utopía y Profetismo]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sobrino]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jon]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ellacuria]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ignacio]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Mysterium Liberationis Conceptos Fundamentales de la Teología de la Liberación]]></source>
<year>1990</year>
<page-range>393-442</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Madrid ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Trotta]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fukuyama]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Francis]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The End of History and the Last Man]]></source>
<year>1992</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[New York (NY) ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[McMillan Inc.]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gray]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[John]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Black Mass: How Religion Led the World Into Crisis]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Toronto (ON) ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Anchor Canada]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gutierrez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Gustavo]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Marxismo y Cristianismo]]></article-title>
<collab>Cedial</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Cristianos latinoamericanos y socialismo]]></source>
<year>1972</year>
<page-range>15-35</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Bogota ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Ediciones Paulinas]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gutierrez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Gustavo]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Teología de la liberación: Perspectivas]]></source>
<year>1975</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Salamanca ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Ediciones Sígueme]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gutierrez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Gustavo]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Teología y Ciencias Sociales]]></article-title>
<collab>Departamento Ecuménico de Investigaciones</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Teología de la Liberación. Documentos sobre una Polémica]]></source>
<year>1984</year>
<page-range>71-94</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[San José ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[DEI]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Harrison]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[John F. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Second Coming: Popular Millenarianism]]></source>
<year>1979</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Abingdon (U. K.) ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Routledge &amp; Kegan Paul Ltd.]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hinkelammert]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Franz]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Crítica a la Razón Utópica]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Bilbao ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Desclée de Brouwer]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hinkelammert]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Franz]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Las Armas Ideológicas de la Muerte. El Discernimiento de los Fetiches, Capitalismo y Cristianismo]]></source>
<year>1977</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[San José de Costa Rica ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Editorial Universitaria Centroamericana]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Centesimus Annus. Encyclical Letter]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Vatican]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kalberg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Stephen]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Max Weber&#8217;s Types of Rationality: Cornerstones for the Analysis of Rationalization Processes in History]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The American Journal of Sociology]]></source>
<year>1980</year>
<volume>85</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>1145-79</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Libanio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[João Batista]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Esperanza, Utopía, Resurrección]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sobrino]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jon]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ellacuria]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ignacio]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Mysterium Liberationis Conceptos Fundamentales de la Teología de la Liberación]]></source>
<year>1990</year>
<page-range>495-510</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Madrid ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Trotta]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Libanio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[João Batista]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Teologia da Libertação]]></source>
<year>1987</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[São Paulo ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Loyola]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Luyckx]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Marc]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La Teología de la Liberación]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Selecciones de Teología]]></source>
<year>1974</year>
<volume>13</volume>
<numero>50</numero>
<issue>50</issue>
<page-range>173-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McGovern]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Arthur F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Liberation Theology and Its Critics]]></source>
<year>1989</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Maryknoll (NY) ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Orbis]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mendoza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Carlos]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Extra Pauperes Nulla Salus]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Congreso Continental de Teología]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mo Sung]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jung]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Cristianismo de Liberación: ¿Fracaso de una Utopía?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Pasos]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<numero>130</numero>
<issue>130</issue>
<page-range>1-15</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Murphy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Frederick James]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Apocalypticism in the Bible and Its World]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Grand Rapids (MI) ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Baker Academic]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B40">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Second Vatican Council II Closing Speech]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Papal Encyclicals on Line]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B41">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Petrella]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ivan]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Future of Liberation Theology: An Argument and a Manifesto]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[London (U. K.) ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[SCM]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B42">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Popper]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Karl]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Open Society and Its Enemies]]></source>
<year>1971</year>
<volume>2</volume>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Princeton (NJ) ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Princeton University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B43">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Richard]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Pablo]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Declaración Pública sobre la &#8216;Instrucción&#8217;]]></article-title>
<collab>Departamento Ecuménico de Investigaciones</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Teología de la Liberación. Documentos sobre una Polémica]]></source>
<year>1984</year>
<page-range>59-64</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[San José ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[DEI]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B44">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Richard]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Pablo]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Teología en la Teología de la Liberación]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sobrino]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jon]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ellacuría]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ignacio]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Mysterium Liberationis: Conceptos Fundamentales de la Teología de la Liberación]]></source>
<year>1990</year>
<page-range>201-22</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Madrid ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Trotta]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B45">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Scannone]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Juan Carlos]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La Teología de la Liberación: Caracterización, Corrientes, Etapas]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Selecciones de Teología]]></source>
<year>1984</year>
<volume>23</volume>
<numero>92</numero>
<issue>92</issue>
<page-range>268-80</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B46">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Segundo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Juan Luis]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[El Hombre de Hoy ante Jesús de Nazaret]]></source>
<year>1982</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Madrid ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Cristiandad]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B47">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Segundo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Juan Luis]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Fe e Ideología]]></source>
<year>1982</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Madrid ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Cristiandad]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B48">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Segundo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Juan Luis]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Liberación de la Teología]]></source>
<year>1975</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Buenos Aires ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Carlos Lohlé]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B49">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Segundo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Juan Luis]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Teología de la Liberación. Respuesta al Cardenal Ratzinger]]></source>
<year>1985</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Madrid ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Cristiandad]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B50">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sobrino]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jon]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Jesucristo Liberador: Lectura Histórico-Teológica de Jesús de Nazaret]]></source>
<year>1991</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Madrid ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Trotta]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B51">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sobrino]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jon]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[La Fe en Jesucristo. Ensayo desde las Víctimas]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<edition>3.a ed.</edition>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Madrid ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Trotta]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B52">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Susin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Luis Carlos]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Nuevos Sujetos y Diálogo de Culturas]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[YouTube]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B53">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schwarz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Hans]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Eschatology]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Gran Rapids (MI) ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B54">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Trigo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Pedro]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[¿Ha muerto la teología de la liberación?]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Bogota ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Javegraf]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B55">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vigil]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[José María]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Bajar de la Cruz a los Pobres. Cristología de la Liberación]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<edition>2nd. digital edition 2.01</edition>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Comisión Teológica Internacional de la Asociación Ecuménica de Teólogos/as del Tercer Mundo]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B56">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vincent]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[André]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The &#8216;Theologies of Liberation&#8217;]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schall]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[James]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Liberation Theology]]></source>
<year>1982</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[San Francisco ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Ignatius Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
