<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0120-386X</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Facultad Nacional de Salud Pública]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. Fac. Nac. Salud Pública]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0120-386X</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad de Antioquia]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0120-386X2020000100105</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17533/udea.rfnsp.v38n1e337759</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Resistencia antimicrobiana en el siglo XXI: ¿hacia una era postantibiótica?]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Antimicrobial resistance in the 21st century: towards a post-antibiotic era?]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Resistência antimicrobiana no século XXI: rumo a uma era pós-antibiótica?]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vanegas-Múnera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Johanna Marcela]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jiménez-Quiceno]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Judy Natalia]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Antioquia  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Medellín ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Antioquia  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Medellín ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>01</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>01</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>38</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0120-386X2020000100105&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0120-386X2020000100105&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0120-386X2020000100105&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen Desde el descubrimiento de la penicilina por Alexander Fleming en 1928, inició una era caracterizada por el desarrollo de diferentes grupos de antibióticos que permitieron el tratamiento adecuado de infecciones graves ocasionadas por bacterias que afectaban la población mundial. Sin embargo, de manera casi simultánea al desarrollo de cada clase de antibióticos, se desencadenó la emergencia de bacterias resistentes, debido en parte al uso extendido e inadecuado de estos medicamentos. Como consecuencia, el manejo de las infecciones bacterianas se ha complicado cada vez más y en la actualidad las opciones de tratamiento son pocas, sumado a que el desarrollo de nuevos antimicrobianos ha dejado de ser atractivo para la industria farmacéutica. Esta situación ha conducido a que la Organización Mundial de la Salud advierta sobre la llegada de una era postantibiótica, donde infecciones comunes o anteriormente de fácil tratamiento pueden ocasionar muertes como resultado de la resistencia bacteriana a los diferentes grupos de antibióticos. Por lo anterior, surgen preguntas sobre cómo pudo ser originada esta situación y qué soluciones son necesarias para evitar la temida era, preguntas que tratan de ser respondidas en el presente ensayo, mediante el abordaje de aspectos relacionados no solo con los microorganismos, sino también con contextos sociales, económicos e incluso políticos, que influyen en el aumento de la resistencia antimicrobiana y dificultan su control.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract  Alexander Fleming&#8217;s discovery of penicillin in 1928 marked the beginning of an era characterized by the development of different groups of antibiotics that allowed the proper treatment of serious infections caused by bacteria that affected the world population. However, the development of each class of antibiotics almost simultaneously triggered the emergence of resistant bacteria, due in part to the widespread and inappropriate use of these medicines. As a result, managing bacterial infections has become increasingly complicated and currently there are few treatment options, added to the fact that the development of new antimicrobials is no longer attractive to the pharmaceutical industry. This situation has led the World Health Organization to warn of the arrival of a post-antibiotic era, where common or previously easily treated infections could cause deaths as a result of bacterial resistance to several groups of antibiotics. Therefore, questions arise about how this situation could have come to be and what solutions are needed to avoid the dreaded post-antibiotic era, questions that we attempt to answer in this paper by addressing aspects related not only to microorganisms, but also to social, economic and even political contexts, which influence the increase of antimicrobial resistance and hinder its control.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[Resumo  Desde a descoberta da penicilina por Alexander Fleming em 1928, iniciou-se uma era caracterizada pelo desenvolvimento de diferentes grupos de antibióticos que permitiram o tratamento adequado de infecções graves causadas por bactérias que afetavam a população mundial. No entanto, quase simultaneamente ao desenvolvimento de cada classe de antibióticos, foi desencadeado o surgimento de bactérias resistentes, devido parcialmente ao uso generalizado e inadequado desses medicamentos. Como consequência, o tratamento de infecções bacterianas tornou-se cada vez mais complicado e atualmente existem poucas opções para fazê-lo, além de que o desenvolvimento de novos antimicrobianos deixou de ser atrativo para a indústria farmacêutica. Essa situação levou a Organização Mundial da Saúde a alertar sobre a chegada de uma era pós-antibiótica, na qual as infecções comuns ou previamente tratadas com facilidade podem causar mortes como resultado da resistência bacteriana a diferentes grupos de antibióticos. Portanto, surgem questões sobre como se originou essa situação e quais soluções são necessárias para evitar a era temida. Este ensaio tenta responder essas questões, abordando aspectos relacionados não apenas aos microrganismos, mas também aos contextos sociais, econômicos e até políticos, que influenciam o aumento da resistência antimicrobiana e dificultam seu controle.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Era postantibiótica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[antibióticos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[resistencia a antibióticos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[epidemiología]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Post-antibiotic era]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[antibiotics]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[antibiotic resistance]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[epidemiology]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Era pós-antibiótico]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[antibióticos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[resistência antimicrobiana]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[epidemiologia]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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