<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0120-3916</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Colombiana de Educación]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev. colomb. educ.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0120-3916</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Pedagógica Nacional de Colombia]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0120-39162023000200185</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17227/rce.num88-13523</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Diferencias por género en el acceso a la educación superior en Colombia (2001-2019)]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Gender Differences in Access to Higher Education in Colombia (2001-2019)]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[Diferenças de gênero no acesso ao ensino superior na Colômbia (2001-2019)]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González-Espitia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Carlos Giovanni]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad ICESI Departamento de Economía ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Cali ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<numero>88</numero>
<fpage>185</fpage>
<lpage>210</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0120-39162023000200185&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0120-39162023000200185&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0120-39162023000200185&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen El acceso a la educación superior para mujeres y hombres es uno de los factores relacionados con la movilidad social, la equidad y la mejora de las oportunidades en todo el mundo que contribuye a lograr la igualdad de género. Este artículo de investigación tiene como objetivo estimar las diferencias por género en la probabilidad de acceso a la educación superior en Colombia en el periodo comprendido entre el 2001 y el 2019. El análisis se realiza con la estimación de modelos probit multinomiales con corrección del sesgo de selección muestral sobre datos de la Gran Encuesta Integrada de Hogares, del Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística (DANE). Los resultados muestran que la elección de acceder a la educación superior para todos los individuos no es aleatoria o igual por factores relacionados con las características personales, familiares, económicas y sociales de cada uno. Esto condiciona las oportunidades de acceso y perjudica algunos grupos sociales, en especial, aquellos que en una primera etapa no pueden obtener un título de bachiller. Adicionalmente, la probabilidad de acceso a la educación superior para todos los jóvenes sigue siendo baja, en promedio 50 %, cifra acorde con la tasa de cobertura bruta de la educación superior (52 %) durante el 2018. Por otra parte, ser mujer aumenta la probabilidad de acceso entre 1 y 2,19 puntos porcentuales en los primeros cuatro años de educación superior. Estos resultados contribuyen al análisis para mejorar las oportunidades educativas en un país con altos niveles de desigualdad social y a la discusión sobre la política de educación superior]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract Access to higher education for women and men is one of the factors related to social mobility, equity and improved opportunities around the world which contributes to achieving gender equality. This research paper aims to estimate the differences by gender in the probability of access to higher education in Colombia, in the period from 2001 to 2019. The analysis is conducted with the estimation of multinomial probit models of discrete choice with correction for selection bias sample, using data from the Gran Encuesta Integrada de Hogares conducted by the Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística (DANE). The results show that the choice to access higher education for all individuals is not random or equal, due to factors related to the personal, family, economic and social characteristics of each individual. This conditions access opportunities and harms some social groups, especially those who cannot obtain a high school degree in the first stage. n addition, the probability of access to higher education for all young people remains low, on average 50 %, in line with a gross coverage rate of higher education of 52 % during 2018. On the other hand, for the first year, be Women increase the probability of access by I percentage point, for the second year 1,67 percentage points, for the third year 1,39 and for the fourth year 2,19 percentage points. These results to the analysis to improve educational opportunities in a country with high levels of social inequality and a discussion on higher education policy.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[Resumo O acesso ao ensino superior para mulheres e homens é um dos fatores relacionados à mobilidade social, equidade e melhores oportunidades em todo o mundo, o que contribui para o alcance da igualdade de gênero. Este trabalho de pesquisa tem como objetivo estimar as diferenças por gênero na probabilidade de acesso ao ensino superior na Colômbia, no período de 2001 a 2019. A análise é realizada com a estimação de modelos probit multinomiais de escolha discreta com correção para viés de seleção da amostra, usando dados do Gran Encuesta Integrada de Hogares realizado pelo Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística, DANE. Os resultados mostram que a escolha do acesso ao ensino superior para todos os indivíduos não é aleatória ou igual, devido a fatores relacionados às características pessoais, familiares, econômicas e sociais de cada indivíduo. Isso condiciona oportunidades de acesso e prejudica alguns grupos sociais, principalmente aqueles que não conseguem o bacharelado no primeiro estágio. Além disso, a probabilidade de acesso ao ensino superior para todos os jovens continua baixa, em média 50 %, em linha com uma taxa bruta de cobertura do ensino superior de 52 %, 2018. Por outro lado, para o primeiro ano, ser Mulheres aumentar a probabilidade de acesso em 1 ponto percentual, pelo segundo ano 1,67 pontos percentuais, pelo terceiro ano 1,39 e pelo quarto ano 2,19 pontos percentuais. Esses resultados permitem uma análise para melhorar as oportunidades educacionais em um país com altos níveis de desigualdade social e uma discussão sobre a política de educação superior.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[acceso a la educación]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[educación superior]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[política educativa]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[demanda de educación]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[género]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[access to education]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[higher education]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[educational policy]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[demand for education]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[gender]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[acesso à educação]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[ensino superior]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[política educacional]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[demanda por educação]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[gênero sexual]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Acemoglu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pischke]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Changes in the Wage Structure, Family Income, and Children's Education]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[European Economic Review]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>45</volume>
<numero>4-6</numero>
<issue>4-6</issue>
<page-range>890-904</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Albert]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mora]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La demanda de educación superior: breve revisión de la literatura]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Ensayos de Economía]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>26</volume>
<numero>48</numero>
<issue>48</issue>
<page-range>209-28</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bailey]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dynarski]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Gains and Gaps: Changing Inequality in US College Entry and Completion (n.° w17633)]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[National Bureau of Economic Research]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>Banco Mundial</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Informe anual 2019. Estadísticas de Colombia]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Washington]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Banco Mundial</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Estadísticas por países]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Washington ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Becker]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Investment in Human Capital: A Theoretical Analysis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Political Economy]]></source>
<year>1962</year>
<volume>70</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>9-49</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Costa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Machin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Crime, Compulsory Schooling Laws and Education]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Economics of Education Review]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<numero>54</numero>
<issue>54</issue>
<page-range>214-26</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bertrand]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chugh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mullainathan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Implicit Discrimination]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[American Economic Review]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>95</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>94-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bourguignon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fournier]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gurgand]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Selection Bias Corrections Based on the Multinomial Logit Model: Monte Carlo Comparisons]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Economic Surveys]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>21</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>174-205</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Congreso de la República de Colombia</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Ley 30 de 1992: Por la cual se organiza el servicio público de la Educación Superior]]></source>
<year>1992</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Congreso de la República de Colombia</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Ley 115 de 1994: Por la cual se expide la ley general de educación]]></source>
<year>1994</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>DANE</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Informe de empleo informal y seguridad social. Boletín técnico, históricos]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>DANE</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Gran Encuesta Integrada de Hogares. Datos]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[DiPrete]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Buchmann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Gender-specific Trends in the Value of Education and the Emerging Gender Gap in College Completion]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Demography]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>43</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>1-24</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Eger]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Miller]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Scarles]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Gender and Capacity Building: A Multi-layered Study of Empowerment]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[World Development]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<numero>106</numero>
<issue>106</issue>
<page-range>207-19</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Eide]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Showalter]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Estimating the Relation between Health and Education: What Do We Know and What Do We Need to Know?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Economics of Education Review]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>30</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>778-91</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>ENDS</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Encuesta nacional de demografía y salud, Ministerio de salud]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Bogotá ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Goldin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Katz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Transitions: Career and Family Life Cycles of the Educational Elite]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[American Economic Review]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>98</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>363-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gómez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Abadía]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bernal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Women in STEM: Does College Boost their Performance?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Higher Education]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<numero>79</numero>
<issue>79</issue>
<page-range>849-66</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mora]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cuadros]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Oportunidades educativas y características familiares en Colombia: un análisis por cohortes]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista de Economía del Rosario]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>17</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>157-87</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hanushek]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Woessmann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Schooling, Educational Achievement, and the Latin American Growth Puzzle]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Development Economics]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>99</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>497-512</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hanushek]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schwerdt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Woessmann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[General Education, Vocational Education, and Labor-Market Outcomes over the Lifecycle]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Human Resources]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>52</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>48-87</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hanushek]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Woessmann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Economics of International Differences in Educational Achievement]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Handbook of the Economics of Education]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>89-200</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Heckman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Sample Selection Bias as a Specification Error]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Econometrica: Journal of the Econometric Society]]></source>
<year>1979</year>
<volume>47</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>153-61</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hill]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[King]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Women's Education and Economic Well-being]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Feminist Economics]]></source>
<year>1995</year>
<volume>1</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>21-46</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jacobs]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Labov]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Gender Differentials in Intermarriage among Sixteen Race and Ethnic Groups]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Sociological Forum]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>17</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>621-46</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jacobs]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Gender Inequality and Higher Education]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Annual Review of Sociology]]></source>
<year>1996</year>
<volume>22</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>153-85</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kim]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Determining Critical Factors of Gender Inequality: Evidence from 34 OECD and non-OECD Countries]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[World Development Perspectives]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<numero>21</numero>
<issue>21</issue>
<page-range>100284</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Krueger]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Malec&#780;ková]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Attitudes and Action: Public Opinion and the Occurrence of International Terrorism]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Science]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>325</volume>
<numero>5947</numero>
<issue>5947</issue>
<page-range>1534-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Londoño-Vélez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodríguez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sánchez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Upstream and Downstream Impacts of College Merit-based Financial Aid for Low-income Students: Ser Pilo Paga in Colombia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[American Economic Journal: Economic Policy]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>193-227</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Manski]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wise]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[College Choice in America]]></source>
<year>1983</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Harvard University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Miranda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rabe-Hesketh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Maximum likelihood estimation of Endogenous Switching and Sample Selection Models for Binary, Ordinal, and Count Variables]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The Stata Journal]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>6</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>285-308</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>ONU</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Transformar nuestro mundo: la Agenda 2030 para el desarrollo sostenible. La Asamblea General. Resolución 70/1]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Page]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Scott-Clayton]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Improving College Access in the United States: Barriers and Policy Responses.]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Economics of Education Review]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<numero>51</numero>
<issue>51</issue>
<page-range>4-22</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Psacharopoulos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Woodhall]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Education for Development]]></source>
<year>1993</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Oxford University Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>SNIES</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Sistema nacional de información de la educación superior]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Ministerio de Educación de Colombia]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>SPADIES</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Deserción estudiantil]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Subrahmanian]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Gender Equality in Education: Definitions and Measurements]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[International Journal of Educational Development]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>25</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>395-407</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ven]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W. van de.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Praag]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B. van]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Demand for Deductibles in Private Health Insurance: A Probit Model with Sample Selection]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Econometrics]]></source>
<year>1981</year>
<volume>17</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>229-52</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
