<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0120-4157</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Biomédica]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Biomédica]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0120-4157</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituto Nacional de Salud]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0120-41572017000200267</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.7705/biomedica.v37i3.3237</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Haplotypes in CCR5-CCR2 , CCL3 and CCL5 are associated with natural resistance to HIV-1 infection in a Colombian cohort]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Los haplotipos en CCR5-CCR2 , CCL3 y CCL5 se asocian con resistencia natural a la infección por el HIV-1 en una cohorte colombiana]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vega]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jorge A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A a"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A3"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Villegas-Ospina]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Simón]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aguilar-Jiménez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Wbeimar]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rugeles]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[María T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bedoya]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Gabriel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zapata]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Wildeman]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Antioquia  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Medellín ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,nstituto Nacional de Medicina Legal y Ciencias Forenses  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Medellín ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Antioquia  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Medellín ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Medellín ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2017</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>06</month>
<year>2017</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>37</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>267</fpage>
<lpage>273</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0120-41572017000200267&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0120-41572017000200267&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0120-41572017000200267&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN  Introduction:  Variants in genes encoding for HIV-1 co-receptors and their natural ligands have been individually associated to natural resistance to HIV-1 infection. However, the simultaneous presence of these variants has been poorly studied.  Objective: To evaluate the association of single and multilocus haplotypes in genes coding for the viral co-receptors CCR5 and CCR2, and their ligands CCL3 and CCL5, with resistance or susceptibility to HIV-1 infection.  Materials and methods:  Nine variants in CCR5-CCR2, two SNPs in CCL3 and two in CCL5 were genotyped by PCR-RFLP in 35 seropositive (cases) and 49 HIV-1-exposed seronegative Colombian individuals (controls). Haplotypes were inferred using the Arlequin software, and their frequency in individual or combined loci was compared between cases and controls by the chi-square test. A p&#8217; value &lt;0.05 after Bonferroni correction was considered significant.  Results: Homozygosis of the human haplogroup (HH) E was absent in controls and frequent in cases, showing a tendency to susceptibility. The haplotypes C-C and T-T in CCL3 were associated with susceptibility (p&#8217;=0.016) and resistance (p&#8217;&lt;0.0001) to HIV-1 infection, respectively. Finally, in multilocus analysis, the haplotype combinations formed by HHC in CCR5-CCR2, T-T in CCL3 and G-C in CCL5 were associated with resistance (p&#8217;=0.006).  Conclusion:  Our results suggest that specific combinations of variants in genes from the same signaling pathway can define an HIV-1 resistant phenotype. Despite our small sample size, our statistically significant associations suggest strong effects; however, these results should be further validated in larger cohorts.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT  Introducción. Algunas variantes en genes que codifican los correceptores del HIV-1 y sus ligandos se han asociado individualmente a la resistencia natural frente a dicha infección. Sin embargo, su presencia simultánea ha sido poco estudiada.  Objetivo.  Evaluar la asociación de haplotipos individuales y multilocus en genes que codifican los correceptores virales CCR5 y CCR2 y sus ligandos CCL3 y CCL5 con la resistencia o la propensión a la infección por el HIV-1.  Materiales y métodos.  Nueve variantes en CCR5-CCR2, dos en CCL3 y dos en CCL5 fueron genotipificadas mediante reacción en cadena de la polimerasa de polimorfismos de longitud de fragmentos de restricción (Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism-PCR-RFLP) en 35 individuos seropositivos (casos) y 49 seronegativos expuestos (controles) de Colombia. Los haplotipos se infirieron utilizando el programa Arlequín, y su frecuencia individual o combinada se comparó en los casos y los controles mediante la prueba de ji al cuadrado. Se consideró significativo un valor de p&#8217;&lt;0,05 después de la corrección de Bonferroni.  Resultados. La homocigosis del haplogrupo humano (HH) E estaba ausente en los controles y era frecuente en los casos, es decir, con tendencia hacia la propensión. Los haplotipos C-C y T-T en CCL3 se asociaron con la propensión (p&#8217;=0,016) y la resistencia (p&#8217;&lt;0,0001), respectivamente. Por último, en el análisis multilocus, el haplotipo combinado formado por HHC en CCR5-CCR2, T-T en CCL3 y G-C en CCL5 se asoció con la resistencia (p&#8217;=0,006).  Conclusión. Los resultados de este estudio sugieren que ciertas combinaciones específicas de variantes en los genes de una misma vía de señalización pueden definir un fenotipo resistente al HIV-1. Aunque el tamaño de la muestra era pequeño, las asociaciones estadísticamente significativas sugieren un efecto considerable; sin embargo, estos resultados deben validarse en cohortes de mayor tamaño.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[HIV-1]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[immunity, innate]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[phenotype]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[haplotypes]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Colombia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[HIV-1, inmunidad innata]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[fenotipo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[haplotipos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Colombia]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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