<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0120-4157</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Biomédica]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Biomédica]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0120-4157</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituto Nacional de Salud]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0120-41572017000300341</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.7705/biomedica.v34i2.3286</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Condición socioeconómica, patrones de alimentación y exposición a metales pesados en mujeres en edad fértil de Cali, Colombia]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Socioeconomic status, eating patterns, and heavy metals exposure in women of childbearing age in Cali, Colombia]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Figueroa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Roger]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Caicedo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Diana]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Echeverry]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ghisliane]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Peña]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Miguel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Méndez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Fabián]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad del Valle Escuela de Salud Pública Grupo de Epidemiología y Salud Poblacional]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Cali ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad del Valle Instituto CINARA Grupo de Investigación en Contaminación por Metales y Pesticidas]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Cali ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad del Valle Instituto CINARA Grupo de Investigación en Saneamiento Ambiental]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Cali ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2017</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2017</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>37</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<fpage>341</fpage>
<lpage>352</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0120-41572017000300341&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0120-41572017000300341&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0120-41572017000300341&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen  Introducción.  La contaminación del agua y de los alimentos constituye un riesgo creciente para la salud a nivel mundial. Dicho riesgo varía según las concentraciones y las dosis de los contaminantes y el tiempo de exposición, especialmente por los posibles efectos a largo plazo debidos a la exposición crónica a bajas concentraciones de metales pesados como el plomo, el cadmio y el mercurio.  Objetivo.  Explorar la relación entre la condición socioeconómica, los patrones de alimentación y la exposición a metales pesados en una población de mujeres de Cali.  Materiales y métodos.  Participaron 233 mujeres en edad fértil, no embarazadas, residentes en el distrito de Aguablanca, Cali, Colombia. Se recolectó información sociodemográfica, así como sobre las condiciones de la vivienda, la exposición a metales pesados, la frecuencia de consumo de alimentos y las mediciones antropométricas. Para determinar las concentraciones de plomo, cadmio y mercurio, se tomaron muestras de lechuga, repollo y peces (tilapia y 'manteco'). Se hicieron análisis descriptivos y de correspondencias múltiples para establecer los patrones de consumo.  Resultados.  El pescado se incluía en las tres comidas del día, especialmente en el almuerzo; se encontró cadmio por debajo de los niveles permitidos en tres muestras de 'manteco'. El 11,1 % de quienes consumían pescado una vez o más por semana lo había comprado en un expendio en el cual las muestras fueron positivas para cadmio. Mediante el análisis de correspondencias múltiples, se determinó la presencia de una relación entre el ser de raza negra y el consumo de 'manteco' y tilapia una vez o más por semana.  Conclusiones.  La población de estudio tuvo acceso a alimentos contaminados con metales pesados. Esto, sumado a las características metabólicas de las mujeres y a sus condiciones socioeconómicas, incrementó su exposición y vulnerabilidad frente a los efectos de la contaminación.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract  Introduction: Global increase in food and water pollution is associated with health risk, which depends on the concentration, the dose, and the exposure time. This has raised concerns about the possible long-term effects of chronic exposure to low concentrations of heavy metals, such as lead, cadmium and mercury.  Objective: Toexplore the relationship among socioeconomic status, eating patterns, and exposure to heavy metals among a population of women in Cali, Colombia.  Materials and methods: A total of 233 non-pregnant women of childbearing age living in the Aguablanca district of Cali, Colombia, were enrolled in the study. We gathered sociodemographic data, as well as information on housing conditions, exposure to heavy metals, frequency of food intake, and anthropometric measurements. Samples of lettuce, cabbage and fish (tilapia and butterfish) were collected to determine lead, cadmium, and mercury concentrations. Descriptive and multiple correspondence analyses were performed to establish eating patterns.  Results: Fish was served in each of the three main meals of the day, with a bigger serving at lunch time. Cadmium was found in three samples of butterfish at levels below the acceptable. Of those who ate fish more than once a week, 11.1% bought the product at a cadmium-positive store. The multiple correspondence analysis showed a positive relationship between being black and consuming butterfish and tilapia more than once per week.  Conclusions: The findings showed that the studied population had access to heavy metal-contaminated food, which combined with the women's cultural eating patterns, socioeconomic status, and metabolic characteristics led to a greater vulnerability to the effects of heavy metals exposure.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[metales pesados]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[conducta alimentaria]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[clase social]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[exposición a riesgos ambientales]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[bioacumulación]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[origen étnico y salud]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[peces]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Heavy, metals]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[feeding behavior]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[social class]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[environmental exposure]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[bioaccumulation]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[ethnicity and health]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[fishes]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Prüss-Üstün]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Corvalán]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Preventing disease through healthy environments: Estimate environmental burden of disease]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Geneva ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[World Health Organization]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Human health and heavy metals]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McCally]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Life support: The environment and human health]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>65</volume>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Cambridge, MA ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[MIT Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Sources, pathways, and relative risks of contaminants in surface water and ground-water A perspective prepared for the Walkerton inquiry]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ritter]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Solomon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sibley]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[J Toxicol Environ Health A]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>65</volume>
<page-range>1-142</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Incidence of heavy metal contamination in water supplies in Northern México]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wyatt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fimbres]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Romo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Méndez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Grijalva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Environ Res]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
<volume>76</volume>
<page-range>114-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Hazards of heavy metal contamination]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Järup]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Br Med Bull]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>68</volume>
<page-range>167-82</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Factors controlling the bioaccumulation of mercury, methylmercury, arsenic, selenium, and cadmium by freshwater invertebrates and fish]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mason]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Laporte]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J-M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Andres]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Arch Environ Contam Toxicol]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>38</volume>
<page-range>283-97</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Fish bioaccumulation and biomarkers in environmental risk assessment: A review]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[van der Oost]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Beyer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vermeulen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[NP]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Environ Toxicol Pharmacol]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>13</volume>
<page-range>57-149</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Resumen de Salud Pública: cadmio (Cadmium)]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Environmental Protection Agency</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Bioaccumlation definition -Terms &amp; Acronyms]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>Pan American Health Organization</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Capítulo 3: Desarrollo sostenible y salud ambiental. Salud en las Américas]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<page-range>220-313</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Washington, D.C. ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Pan American Health Organization]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Goyer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Issue on the human health effects of metals]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Washington, D.C. ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Environmental Protection Agency]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Sirenomelia and cyclopia cluster in Cali, Colombia]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Castilla]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[EE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mastroiacovo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[López-Camelo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Saldarriaga]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Isaza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Orioli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[IM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Am J Med Genet A]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>146A</volume>
<page-range>2626-36</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Analysis of the spatial and temporal distribution of congenital abnormalities between2004-2008 at a Universitary Hospital in Cali, Colombia]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cuartas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ariza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pachajoa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Méndez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Colombia Médica]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>42</volume>
<page-range>9-16</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Major birth defects in a third-level hospital in Cali, Colombia, 2004-2008]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pachajoa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ariza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Isaza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Méndez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Rev Salud Pública]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>13</volume>
<page-range>152-62</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Fish consumption in an area with high incidence of birth defects in Cali, Colombia]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ariza-Araújo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martínez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Peña]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Méndez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Epidemiology]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>20</volume>
<page-range>191-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>Organización de Naciones Unidas para la Alimentación y la Agricultura.Organización Mundial de la Salud</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Directrices generales sobre muestreo, normas oficiales de la Codex Alimentarius Commission]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Geneva ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and World Health Organization]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>Instituto Colombiano de Bienestar Familiar</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Encuesta Nacional de la Situación Nutricional en Colombia - ENSIN 2010]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Bogotá, D.C. ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[ICBF]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Organización de Naciones Unidas para la Alimentación y la Agricultura</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Session T. Codex Alimentarius Commission]]></source>
<year></year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Organización de Naciones Unidas para la Alimentación y la Agricultura</collab>
<collab>Organización Mundial de la Salud</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Programa conjunto FAO/OMS sobre normas alimentarias. Informe de la 3ª reunión del Comité del Codex sobre contaminantes de los alimentos]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Róterdam, Países Bajos ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Environmental health in the Baltic region - toxic metals]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Skerfving]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bencko]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vahter]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schütz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gerhardsson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Scand J Work Environ Health]]></source>
<year>1999</year>
<volume>25</volume>
<numero>^s3</numero>
<issue>^s3</issue>
<supplement>3</supplement>
<page-range>40-64</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Heavy metals: Implications associated to fish consumption]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Castro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Méndez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Environ Toxicol Pharmacol]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>26</volume>
<page-range>263-71</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Food contamination by metals and pesticides in the EuropeanUnion. Should we worry?]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nasreddine]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Parent-Massin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Toxicol Lett]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>127</volume>
<page-range>29-41</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Methylmercury exposure assessment using dietary and biomarker data amongfrequent seafood consumers in France CALIPSO study]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sirot]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guérin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mauras]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Garraud]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Volatier]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Leblanc]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Environ Res]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>107</volume>
<page-range>30-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Cadmium and lead concentrations in the fish tissues of a coastal lagoon system of the SE Gulf of California]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Quintero-Álvarez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Soto-Jiménez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MF]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Amezcua]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Voltolina]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Frías-Espericueta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MG]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Bull Environ Contam Toxicol]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>89</volume>
<page-range>820-3</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Ecotoxicological Studies. 3. Heavy metals contaminating water and fish from Fayoum Governorate, Egypt]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mansour]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sidky]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MM]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Food Chem]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>78</volume>
<page-range>15-22</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Monitoring of environmental heavy metals in fish from Nasser Lake]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rashed]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MN]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Environ Int]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>27</volume>
<page-range>27-33</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The effect of cooking on the content of heavy metals in fish (Tilapia nilotica)]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Atta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MB]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[El-Sebaie]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Noaman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kassab]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HE]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Food Chem]]></source>
<year>1997</year>
<volume>58</volume>
<page-range>1-4</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Uso de biomarcadores genotóxicos e histopatológicos para evaluar el efecto de los metales en la tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus ll) presente en la laguna de Sonso (Valle del Cauca)]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cáceres]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tello]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Torres]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GA]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Revista de la Asociación Colombiana de Ciencias Biológicas]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>1</volume>
<page-range>109-21</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gischler]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Pathways of heavy metals and implications for stakeholders, Sonso lagoon, Colombia]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Stockholm, KTH ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[School of Architecture and Built Environment]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>Grupo de Epidemiología y Salud Poblacional.Grupo de Investigación en Saneamiento Ambiental.Grupo de Malformaciones Congénitas Perinatales.Secretaría de Salud Pública Municipal de Cali</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Informe final del proyecto de investigación: factores ambientales asociados a la ocurrencia de malformaciones congénitas en la ciudad de Cali]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Cali ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad del Valle y Secretaría de Salud Pública Municipal de Cali]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Méndez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Efectos de la exposición ambiental a plomo y cadmio en la ocurrencia de bajo peso al nacer (BPN) y restricción del crecimiento intrauterino (RCIU) en una cohorte de mujeres gestantes de la ciudad de Cali]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Cali ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad del Valle]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Valoración del riesgo en salud en un grupo de población de Cali, Colombia, por exposición a plomo, cadmio, mercurio, ácido 2,4-diclorofenoxiacético y diurón, asociada al consumo de agua potable y alimentos]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Echeverry]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zapata]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Páez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MI]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Méndez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Peña]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MR]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Biomédica]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>35</volume>
<page-range>110-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Mercury levelsand fish consumption practices in women of child-bearing age in the Florida Panhandle]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Karouna-Renier]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ranga]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lanza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rivers]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wilson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hodges]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Environl Res]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>108</volume>
<page-range>320-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Factors in exposure assessment: Ethnicand socioeconomicdifferences in fishing and consumption of fish caught along the Savannah River]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Burger]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stephens]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[WL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Boring]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kuklinski]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gibbons]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JW]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gochfeld]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Risk Anal]]></source>
<year>1999</year>
<volume>19</volume>
<page-range>427-38</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The rise of the environmental justice paradigm. Injusticeframing and the social construction of environmental discourses]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Taylor]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DE]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Am Behav Sci]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>43</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Patterns and determinants of blood lead during pregnancy]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hertz-Picciotto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schramm]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Watt-Morse]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chantala]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Anderson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Osterloh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Am J Epidemiol]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>152</volume>
<page-range>829-37</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Blood cadmium levels in women of childbearing age vary by race/ethnicity]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mijal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Holzman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CB]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Environ Res]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>110</volume>
<page-range>505-12</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Blood lead levels in school-children living near an industrial zone in Cali, Colombia: The role of socioeconomic condition]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Filigrana]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Méndez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Biol Trace Elem Res]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>149</volume>
<page-range>299-306</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Socioeconomic status and health: The potential role of environmental risk exposure]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Evans]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GW]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kantrowitz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Annu Rev Public Health]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>23</volume>
<page-range>303-31</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B40">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>World Health Organization</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Equity, social determinants and public health programmes]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Geneva ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[WHO]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B41">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Associations between socioeconomic status and environmental toxicant concentrations in adults in the USA: NHANES 2001-2010]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tyrrell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Melzer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Henley]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Galloway]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Osborne]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[NJ]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Environ Int]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>59</volume>
<page-range>328-35</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B42">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Environmental lead exposure A public health problem of globaldimensions]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tong]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[von Schirnding]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[YE]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Prapamontol]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Bull World Health Organ]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>78</volume>
<page-range>1068-77</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B43">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Determinants of polychlorinated biphenyls and methyl-mercury exposure in Inuit women of childbearing age]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Muckle]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ayotte]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dewailly]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jacobson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SW]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jacobson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JL]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Environ Health Perspect]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>109</volume>
<page-range>957-63</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B44">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Current status of cadmium as an environmental health problem]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Järup]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Åkesson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Toxicol Appl Pharmacol]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>238</volume>
<page-range>201-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B45">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Study of metals transfer from environment using teeth as biomonitor]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arruda-Neto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Geraldo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Prado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bittencourt-Oliveira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sarkis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JE]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Environ Int]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>36</volume>
<page-range>243-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B46">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Nutrients intake as determinants of blood lead and cadmium levels in Colombian pregnant women: Nutrients intake and levels of lead and cadmium]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Suárez-Ortegón]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MF]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mosquera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Caicedo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[De Plata]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Méndez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Am J Hum Biol]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>25</volume>
<page-range>344-50</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B47">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Iron and/or zinc supplementation did not reduce blood lead concentrations in children in a randomized, placebo-controlledtrial]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rosado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[López]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kordas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García-Vargas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ronquillo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alatorre]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[J Nutr]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>136</volume>
<page-range>2378-83</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
