<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0120-4157</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Biomédica]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Biomédica]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0120-4157</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituto Nacional de Salud]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0120-41572017000400473</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.7705/biomedica.v34i2.3432</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Resultados de la vigilancia nacional de la resistencia antimicrobiana de enterobacterias y bacilos Gram negativos no fermentadores en infecciones asociadas a la atención de salud, Colombia, 2012-2014]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Results of the national surveillance of antimicrobial resistance of Enterobacteriaceae and Gram negative bacilli in health care-associated infections in Colombia, 2012-2014]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ovalle]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[María Victoria]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Saavedra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Sandra Yamile]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[González]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[María Nilse]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hidalgo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Andrea Melissa]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Duarte]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Carolina]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Beltrán]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mauricio]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Nacional de Salud Dirección de Redes en Salud Pública ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Bogotá D.C]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Nacional de Salud Dirección de Redes en Salud Pública Subdirección Laboratorio Nacional de Referencia]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Bogotá D.C]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2017</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2017</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>37</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<fpage>473</fpage>
<lpage>485</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0120-41572017000400473&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0120-41572017000400473&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0120-41572017000400473&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen  Introducción.  En el tercer trimestre de 2012, comenzó a operar el Sistema Nacional de Vigilancia de Resistencia Antimicrobiana en las infecciones asociadas a la atención en salud, con el fin de recabar y analizar la información referente al problema en Colombia.  Objetivo.  Describir los perfiles de resistencia y los resultados de la vigilancia por el laboratorio con base en los datos recolectados en el Sistema.  Materiales y métodos.  Se hizo un estudio descriptivo y retrospectivo con base en la información del Sistema Nacional de Vigilancia en Salud Pública, Sivigila, 1 de septiembre de 2012 a 31 de diciembre de 2014, así como de las bases de datos Whonet con los datos notificados por las unidades primarias generadoras de datos y los resultados de la confirmación por el laboratorio de la caracterización fenotípica y genotípica de la resistencia a carbapenemasas en 1.642 aislamientos (927 de enterobacterias, 614 de Pseudomonas spp. y 101 de Acinetobacter spp.).  Resultados. La resistencia de Escherichia coli a las cefalosporinas de tercera generación presentó un incremento significativo, alcanzando 26,3 % en unidades de cuidados intensivos y 22,5 % en otras áreas de hospitalización. La resistencia a ertapenem de Klebsiella pneumoniae registró un incremento y alcanzó 14,6 % en unidades de cuidados intensivos. La resistencia de Acinetobacter baumannii a los carbapenémicos superó el 50 % en dichas unidades, en tanto que en Pseudomonas aeruginosa se presentaron porcentajes más bajos (38,8 %). Las carbapenemasas más frecuentes en enterobacterias fueron la KPC (n=574), seguida de la NDM (n=57); en P. aeruginosa, la VIM (n=229) y la KPC (n=114), y en A. baumannii, la OXA-23 (n=87). Se detectaron varias combinaciones de carbapenemasas, siendo la de KPC y VIM la más frecuente en Pseudomonas spp., y en enterobacterias.  Conclusión.  La información obtenida a partir del Sistema Nacional de Vigilancia ha permitido conocer los perfiles y los mecanismos de resistencia a carbapenémicos de las cepas que están circulando en las instituciones de salud del país.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract  Introduction:  The Colombian National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System for the surveillance of healthcare-associated infections was set up to meet this problem in the third quarter of 2012.  Objective:  To describe resistance profiles and laboratory-based surveillance based on the information collected by the System.  Materials and methods:  We conducted a retrospective and descriptive study of the information notified to the Colombian Public Health Surveillance System (Sivigila), and in the Whonet databases covering the period from July 2012 to December 2014 provided by the primary data-generating units in the country, as well as laboratory surveillance results from 1,642 phenotypic and genotypic tests on carbapenemase isolates (927 from Enterobacteriaceae, 614 from Pseudomonas spp. and 101 from Acinetobacter spp.).  Results:  There was a significant increase in Escherichia coli resistance to third-generation cephalosporins (reaching 26.3% in ICUs and 22.5% in other hospital wards), and Klebsiella pneumoniae resistance to ertapenem also increased (reaching 14.6% in ICUs). Acinetobacter baumannii carbapenem resistance exceeded 50% in ICUs whereas Pseudomonas aeruginosa had lower carbapenem resistance (38.8%). KPC (n = 574) and NDM (n=57) were the most frequently occurring carbapenemases in Enterobacteriaceae, VIM (n=229) and KPC (n=114) in P. aeruginosa, and OXA-23 in A. baumannii (n=87); several carbapenemase combinations were identified, KPC + VIM being the most common in Pseudomonas spp. and Enterobacteriaceae.  Conclusion:  The data from the surveillance of healthcare-associated infections revealed significant carbapenem resistance profiles and antimicrobial resistance mechanisms circulating in Colombian healthcare institutions.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[farmacorresistencia microbiana]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[infecciones bacterianas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[vigilancia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[carbapenémicos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Enterobacteriaceae]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Acinetobacter]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Pseudomonas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Drug resistance, microbial]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[bacterial infections]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[surveillance]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[carbapenems]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Enterobacteriaceae]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Acinetobacter]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Pseudomonas]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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