<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0120-4157</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Biomédica]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Biomédica]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0120-4157</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituto Nacional de Salud]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0120-41572017000500043</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.7705/biomedica.v37i1.2815</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Perfil de utilización del carbonato de litio en pacientes con trastorno afectivo bipolar en 25 ciudades de Colombia]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Profile of lithium carbonate use in patients with bipolar disorder in Colombia]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Machado-Duque]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Manuel Enrique]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alzate-Carvajal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Catalina]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zapata-Castañeda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Kevin]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Machado-Alba]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jorge Enrique]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira Grupo de Investigación en Farmacoepidemiología y Farmacovigilancia ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Pereira ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>04</month>
<year>2017</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>04</month>
<year>2017</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>37</volume>
<fpage>43</fpage>
<lpage>50</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0120-41572017000500043&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0120-41572017000500043&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0120-41572017000500043&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen  Introducción. El litio es el medicamento de elección para el tratamiento del trastorno afectivo bipolar.  Objetivo. Determinar el perfil de uso y las reacciones secundarias del litio en pacientes con trastorno afectivo bipolar en Colombia.  Materiales y métodos. Se hizo un estudio observacional de cohorte retrospectiva entre el 1° de enero y el 31 de diciembre de 2013, en pacientes con diagnóstico de trastorno afectivo bipolar tratados con carbonato de litio en 25 ciudades colombianas. Se evaluaron las variables sociodemográficas, las dosis del litio, la medicación simultánea con otros fármacos, las interacciones medicamentosas y las reacciones adversas. Se hizo un análisis multivariado utilizando el programa SPSS 22.0®.  Resultados. La edad promedio de los 331 pacientes fue de 44,5 ± 13,9 años, 59,2 % de ellos eran mujeres, la dosis promedio de litio fue de 898 ± 294 mg/día, y 22 % recibía dosis inferiores a las recomendadas; los participantes habían recibido el medicamento durante 38,0 ± 39,5 meses en promedio (rango: 12-159 meses), y solo a 13,5 % de ellos se les había hecho el análisis de litio en sangre. El 71,3 % recibía otros medicamentos como tratamiento coadyuvante para el trastorno afectivo bipolar, especialmente clozapina (16,6 %) y ácido valproico (16,6 %). Las principales enfermedades concomitantes fueron el hipotiroidismo (18,1 %) y la hipertensión arterial (12,7 %). Se encontraron 390 interacciones medicamentosas potencialmente tóxicas y se reportaron reacciones secundarias en 1,2 % de los casos. Se encontró una asociación estadísticamente significativa con un menor riesgo de recibir tratamiento combinado en pacientes tratados en las ciudades de Bogotá (odds ratio, OR=0,4; p=0,025), Cartagena (OR=0,3; p=0,015) e Ibagué (OR=0,3; p=0,025).  Conclusiones. El litio se administraba en las dosis e intervalos recomendados, pero un porcentaje significativo recibía dosis inferiores a las recomendadas y no fue posible contrastar el efecto con los niveles de litio en suero. Se debe mejorar el reporte de reacciones adversas y la medición de los niveles de litio en suero en los pacientes con trastorno afectivo bipolar en Colombia.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract  Introduction: Lithium is the drug of choice for the treatment of bipolar affective disorder.  Objective: To define lithium therapeutic profile and adverse reactions to its use in patients with bipolar affective disorder in Colombia.  Materials and methods: We conducted an observational retrospective cohort study between January 1 and December 31, 2013, which included patients with a diagnosis of bipolar disorder treated with lithium carbonate in 25 Colombian cities; we evaluated socio-demographic variables, lithium dose, co-medication, drug interactions and adverse reactions. A multivariate analysis was done using SPSS 22.0.  Results: The 331 patients had an average age of 44.5 ± 13.9 years; 59.2% were women. The mean dose of lithium was 898 ± 294 mg/day; 22% received doses lower than recommended, and patients had received lithium for 38.0 ± 39.5 months (range: 12-159 months). Lithium levels in blood had been measured only in 13.5% of patients; 71.3% of them had received adjuvant therapy for bipolar disorder with other drugs, especially clozapine (16.6%) and valproic acid (16.6%). The main comorbidities were hypothyroidism (18.1%) and hypertension (12.7%); 390 potentially toxic drug interactions were found, and adverse reactions were reported in 1.2% of patients. A statistically significant association was found between a lower risk of combination therapy and receiving treatment in the cities of Bogotá (OR=0.4, p=0.025), Cartagena (OR=0.3, p=0.015) and Ibagué (OR=0.3, p=0.025).  Conclusion: Lithium was generally used at recommended doses and intervals, but a significant percentage of patients received lower doses than those recommended, and it was not possible to compare with lithium levels in blood. Adverse reactions and blood lithium levels reporting should be improved in patients with bipolar disorder in Colombia.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[trastorno bipolar/terapia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[carbonato de litio]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[farmacoepidemiología]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[interacciones de drogas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Colombia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Bipolar disorder/therapy]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[lithium carbonate]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[pharmacoepidemiology]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[drug interactions]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Colombia]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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