<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0120-4157</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Biomédica]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Biomédica]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0120-4157</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituto Nacional de Salud]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0120-41572018000600037</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.7705/biomedica.v38i3.3871</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Variabilidad genética en regiones codificantes del antígeno de superficie y el dominio de la transcriptasa inversa de la polimerasa del virus de la hepatitis B, Colombia, 2002-2014]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Genetic variability in coding regions of the surface antigen and reverse transcriptase domain of hepatitis B virus polymerase, Colombia, 2002-2014]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Peláez-Carvajal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Dioselina]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Forero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Nidia Janeth]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Escalante-Mora]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Martha]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Laiton-Donato]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Katherine]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Usme-Ciro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[José Aldemar]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Nacional de Salud Dirección de Redes en Salud Pública Subdirección de Laboratorio Nacional de Referencia]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Bogotá D.C]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad El Bosque Grupo de Virología ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Bogotá D.C]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia Facultad de Medicina Centro de Investigación en Salud para el Trópico]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2018</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2018</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>38</volume>
<fpage>37</fpage>
<lpage>50</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0120-41572018000600037&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0120-41572018000600037&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0120-41572018000600037&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen  Introducción. Se estima que 240 millones de personas en el mundo tienen infección crónica con el virus de la hepatitis B (HBV). En Colombia, la endemia es variable y circulan diferentes genotipos virales. Las mutaciones a lo largo del genoma se han asociado con resistencia antiviral, el escape ante la reacción de anticuerpos neutralizadores tras la vacunación o a la infección natural, la infección oculta y la progresión a carcinoma hepatocelular.  Objetivo. Identificar los genotipos y las mutaciones presentes en la región codificante del antígeno de superficie (S) y del dominio de la transcriptasa inversa (reverse transcriptase, RT) de la polimerasa del HBV en muestras de suero remitidas al Instituto Nacional de Salud de Colombia para el diagnóstico de hepatitis B, entre el 2002 y el 2014.  Materiales y métodos. En 495 muestras de suero positivas para el antígeno de superficie de la hepatitis B (HBsAg) se buscó el ADN viral, se amplificó y secuenció un fragmento de 1.591 nucleótidos y, posteriormente, se hizo el análisis filogenético correspondiente.  Resultados. En 66 de las muestras se logró detectar el genoma viral y 28 de ellas se secuenciaron exitosamente. El análisis filogenético permitió identificar los genotipos y subgenotipos F3 y A2. Una muestra presentó simultáneamente las sustituciones de resistencia L180M y M204V, otra presentó la sustitución I169L y en una se identificó la mutación P120Q, previamente asociada con variantes de escape. Dos muestras presentaron una deleción de 105 nucleótidos en la región preS1-preS2.  Conclusiones. Se corroboró la circulación en Colombia de los genotipos y subgenotipos F3 y A2, así como la presencia de mutaciones de resistencia y escape. El presente estudio constituye un aporte a la epidemiologia molecular del HBV en Colombia.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract  Introduction: Despite the availability of an effective vaccine and treatment to reduce the viral load and progressive hepatocellular injury, approximately 240 million people worldwide are chronically infected with the hepatitis B virus (HBV). In Colombia, the circulation of different viral genotypes has been confirmed. Mutations in the genome have been associated to antiviral therapy resistance, viral escape to neutralizing antibodies, occult infection and progression to hepatocellular carcinoma.  Objective: To identify the genotypes and the presence of mutations in the coding region of the surface (S) antigen and the reverse transcriptase (RT) domain of the polymerase of HBV obtained from serum samples for hepatitis B diagnosis received by the Instituto Nacional de Salud during the period 2002-2014.  Materials and methods: A total of 495 serum samples with previous HBsAg reactive result were used for molecular detection. A fragment of 1,591 nucleotides was sequenced, and the corresponding phylogenetic analysis was performed.  Results: We detected the viral genome of HBV in 66 samples and 28 were successfully sequenced. The phylogenetic analysis allowed the identification of subgenotypes F3 and A2. The L180M and M204V resistance mutations were simultaneously identified in one sample, while the I169L resistance mutation was identified in another one. A single escape mutation, P120Q, was identified in one more. Two samples showed a deletion of 105 nucleotides in the preS1-preS2 region.  Conclusions: The circulation of genotypes/subgenotypes F3 and A2 of HBV in Colombia was corroborated, as well as the presence of some resistance and escape mutations. The present study constitutes a contribution to the molecular epidemiology of HBV in Colombia.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[virus de la hepatitis B]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[genotipo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[ADN polimerasa dirigida por ARN]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[mutación]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Hepatitis B virus]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[genotype]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[RNA-directed DNA polymerase]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[mutation]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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