<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0120-4157</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Biomédica]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Biomédica]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0120-4157</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituto Nacional de Salud]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0120-41572019000600078</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.7705/biomedica.v39i3.4318</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Characterization of clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from indigenous peoples of Colombia]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Caracterización de aislamientos clínicos de Mycobacterium tuberculosis de pueblos indígenas de Colombia]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Puerto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Darío]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Erazo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Lina]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zabaleta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Angie]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Murcia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Martha I.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Llerena]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Claudia]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Puerto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Gloria]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Nacional de Salud Dirección de Investigación en Salud Pública Grupo de Micobacterias]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Bogotá D.C]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Instituto Nacional de Salud Dirección Redes en Salud Pública Grupo de Micobacterias]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Bogotá D.C]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional de Colombia Facultad de Medicina Grupo de Micobacterias]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Bogotá D.C]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2019</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2019</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>39</volume>
<fpage>78</fpage>
<lpage>92</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0120-41572019000600078&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0120-41572019000600078&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0120-41572019000600078&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT  Introduction: Tuberculosis continues to be a public health priority. Indigenous peoples are vulnerable groups with cultural determinants that increase the risk of the disease.  Objective: To determine molecular epidemiology and phenotypical features and of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from indigenous people in Colombia during the period from 2009 to 2014.  Materials and methods: We conducted an analytical observational study; we analyzed 234 isolates to determine their patterns of sensitivity to antituberculosis drugs and their molecular structures by spoligotyping.  Results: The isolates came from 41 indigenous groups, predominantly the Wayúu (13.10%) and Emberá Chamí (11.35%). We found 102 spoligotypes distributed among seven genetic families (37.2% LAM, 15.8% Haarlem, 8.1% T, 3.4% U, 2.6% S, 2.1% X, and 0.9%, Beijing). The association analysis showed that the non-clustered isolates were related to prior treatment, relapse, orphan spoligotypes, and the Beijing family. The H family presented an association with the Arhuaco and Camënt&#349;á indigenous groups, the U family was associated with the Wounaan group, and the T family was associated with the Motilón Barí group.  Conclusions: This is the first national study on M. tuberculosis characterization in indigenous groups. The study evidenced that diagnosis in indigenous people is late. We described 53% of orphan patterns that could be typical of the Colombian indigenous population. The high percentage of grouping by spoligotyping (62%) could indicate cases of active transmission, a situation that should be corroborated using a second genotyping marker. A new Beijing spoligotype (Beijing-like SIT 406) was identified in Colombia.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN  Introducción. La tuberculosis es prioridad de salud pública. Los pueblos indígenas son vulnerables debido a los factores culturales determinantes que aumentan el riesgo de tuberculosis.  Objetivo. Determinar la epidemiologia molecular y las características fenotípicas de los aislamientos de Mycobacterium tuberculosis de pueblos indígenas de Colombia entre 2009 y 2014.  Materiales y métodos. Se hizo un estudio observacional analítico; se analizaron 234 aislamientos para determinar la sensibilidad a los fármacos antituberculosos y la estructura molecular usando spoligotyping. La información epidemiológica se recolectó utilizando el formato único de vigilancia de micobacterias.  Resultados. Los aislamientos provenían de 41 grupos indígenas, principalmente los wayúu (13,10 %) y emberá chamí (11,35 %). Se encontraron 102 genotipos distribuidos en siete familias genéticas (37,2 %, LAM; 15,8 %, Haarlem; 8,1 %, T; 3,4 %, U; 2,6 %, S; 2,1 %, X, y 0,9%, Beijing). El análisis de asociación mostró que los aislamientos no agrupados se asociaron con el tratamiento previo, las recaídas, los genotipos huérfanos y la familia Beijing. La familia H presentó una asociación con los grupos indígenas arhuaco y camënt&#349;á, la familia U se asoció con el grupo wounaan y la familia T con el grupo motilón barí.  Conclusiones. Este es el primer estudio nacional de caracterización de M. tuberculosis en grupos indígenas. Se evidenció que el diagnóstico en indígenas es tardío, y que 53 % de los patrones huérfanos podrían ser típicos de la población indígena colombiana. El alto porcentaje de agrupamiento por spoligotyping (62%) podría indicar casos de transmisión activa, una situación que debe ser corroborada usando un segundo marcador de genotipificación. Se identificó un nuevo genotipo (Beijing-like SIT 406) en Colombia.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Tuberculosis/epidemiology]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[indigenous population (public health)]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[genotype]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[molecular epidemiology]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[drug resistance.]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Tuberculosis/epidemiología]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[población indígena]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[genotipo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[epidemiología molecular]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[resistencia a medicamentos]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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