<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0120-4157</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Biomédica]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Biomed.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0120-4157</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituto Nacional de Salud]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0120-41572021000100161</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.7705/biomedica.5491</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Inhibition of defensin A and cecropin A responses to dengue virus 1 infection in Aedes aegypti]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Inhibición de las respuestas de defensina A y cecropina A contra la infección del virus dengue 1 en Aedes aegypti]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Méndez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Yda]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pacheco]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[César]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Herrera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Flor]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Carabobo Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Maracay Aragua]]></addr-line>
<country>Venezuela</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>41</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>161</fpage>
<lpage>167</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0120-41572021000100161&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0120-41572021000100161&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0120-41572021000100161&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract  Introduction: It is essential to determine the interactions between viruses and mosquitoes to diminish dengue viral transmission. These interactions constitute a very complex system of highly regulated pathways known as the innate immune system of the mosquito, which produces antimicrobial peptides that act as effector molecules against bacterial and fungal infections. There is less information about such effects on virus infections.  Objective: To determine the expression of two antimicrobial peptide genes, defensin A and cecropin A, in Aedes aegypti mosquitoes infected with DENV-1.  Materials and methods: We used the F1 generation of mosquitoes orally infected with DENV-1 and real-time PCR analysis to determine whether the defensin A and cecropin A genes played a role in controlling DENV-1 replication in Ae. aegypti. As a reference, we conducted similar experiments with the bacteria Escherichia coli.  Results: Basal levels of defensin A and cecropin A mRNA were expressed in uninfected mosquitoes at different times post-blood feeding. The infected mosquitoes experienced reduced expression of these mRNA by at least eightfold when compared to uninfected control mosquitoes at all times post-infection. In contrast with the behavior of DENV-1, results showed that bacterial infection produced up-regulation of defensin and cecropin genes; however, the induction of transcripts occurred at later times (15 days).  Conclusion: DENV-1 virus inhibited the expression of defensin A and cecropin A genes in a wild Ae. aegypti population from Venezuela.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen  Introducción. Es esencial determinar las interacciones entre los virus y los mosquitos para disminuir la transmisión viral. Estas interacciones constituyen un sistema muy complejo y muy regulado conocido como sistema inmunitario innato del mosquito, el cual produce péptidos antimicrobianos, moléculas efectoras que funcionan contra las infecciones bacterianas y fúngicas; se tiene poca información de su acción sobre los virus.  Objetivo. Determinar la expresión de dos genes AMP (defensina A y cecropina A) en mosquitos Aedes aegypti infectados con el virus DENV-1.  Materiales y métodos. Se infectaron oralmente mosquitos de generación F1 con DENV-1 y mediante el análisis con PCR en tiempo real se determinó el potencial papel de los genes defensina A y cecropina A en el control de la replicación del DENV-1 en Ae. aegypti. Como referencia, se infectaron mosquitos con Escherichia coli.  Resultados: Los mosquitos no infectados expresaron niveles basales de los ARNm de los genes defensina A y cecropina A en diversos momentos después de la alimentación. Los mosquitos infectados experimentaron una reducción, por lo menos, de ocho veces en la expresión de estos ARNm con respecto a los mosquitos de control en todo el periodo posterior a la alimentación. En contraste con el comportamiento del virus DENV-1, los resultados mostraron que la infección bacteriana produjo una regulación positiva de los genes defensina y cecropina; sin embargo, la inducción de los transcritos ocurrió tardíamente (15 días).  Conclusión. El virus DENV-1 inhibió la expresión de los genes defensina A y cecropina A en una población silvestre de Ae. aegypti en Venezuela.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Aedes aegypti]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[dengue virus]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[alpha-defensins]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[cecropins]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Escherichia coli]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Aedes aegypti]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[virus del dengue]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[alfa-defensinas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[cecropinas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Escherichia coli]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<label>1</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramos-Castañeda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barreto dos Santos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martínez-Vega]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Galvão de Araujo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Joint]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sarti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Dengue in Latin America: Systematic review of molecular epidemiological trends]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[PLoS Negl Trop Dis]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<numero>11</numero>
<issue>11</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<label>2</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Liu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Xu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[XG]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Antiviral systems in vector mosquitoes]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Dev Comp Immunol]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<numero>83</numero>
<issue>83</issue>
<page-range>34-43</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<label>3</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sim]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jupatanakul]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dimopoulos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Mosquito immunity against arboviruses]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Viruses]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>4479-504</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<label>4</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zheng]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zou]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The immune strategies of mosquito Aedes aegypti against microbial infection]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Dev Comp Immunol]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<numero>83</numero>
<issue>83</issue>
<page-range>12-21</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<label>5</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Blair]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Mosquito RNAi is the major innate immune pathway controlling arbovirus infection and transmission]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Future Microbiol]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>265-77</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<label>6</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carvalho-Leandro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ayres]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guedes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Suesdek]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Melo-Santos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Oliveira]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CF]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Immune transcript variations among Aedes aegypti populations with distinct susceptibility to dengue virus serotype 2]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Acta Trop]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<numero>124</numero>
<issue>124</issue>
<page-range>113-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<label>7</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mains]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brelsfoard]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rose]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dobson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Female adult Aedes albopictus suppression by Wolbac/wa-infected male mosquitoes]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Sci Rep]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>6</volume>
<numero>33846</numero>
<issue>33846</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<label>8</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Xi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramírez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dimopoulos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Aedes aegypti toll pathway controls dengue virus infection]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[PLoS Pathog]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<label>9</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sanders]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[HR]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Foy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Evans]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[AM]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ross]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Beaty]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[BJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Olson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KE]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Sindbis virus induces transport processes and alters expression of innate immunity pathway genes in the midgut of the disease vector, Aedes aegypti]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Insect Biochem Mol Biol]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<numero>35</numero>
<issue>35</issue>
<page-range>1293-307</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<label>10</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Luplertlop N]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Surasombatpattana P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Patramool S]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Dumas E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wasinpiyamongkol]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Saune L]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Induction of a peptide with activity against a broad spectrum of pathogens in the Aedes aegypti salivary gland, following infection with dengue virus]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[PLoS Pathog]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<numero>7</numero>
<issue>7</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<label>11</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wasinpiyamongkol]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Missé]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Luplertlop]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Induction of defensin response to dengue infection in Aedes aegypti]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Entomol Science]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<numero>18</numero>
<issue>18</issue>
<page-range>199-206</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<label>12</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pompon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Manuel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ng]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wong]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Manokaran]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Dengue subgenomic flaviviral RNA disrupts immunity in mosquito salivary glands to increase virus transmission]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[PLoS Pathog]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<numero>13</numero>
<issue>13</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<label>13</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mellor]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[PS]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Replication of arboviruses in insect vectors]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Comp Path]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<numero>123</numero>
<issue>123</issue>
<page-range>231-47</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<label>14</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Urdaneta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Herrera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pernalete]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zoghbi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rubio-Palis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barrios]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Detection of dengue viruses in field-caught Aedes aegypfi (Diptera: Culicidae) in Maracay, Aragua state, Venezuela by type-specific polymerase chain reaction]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Infect Genet Evol]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>177-84</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<label>15</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pfaffl]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MW]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A new mathematical model for relative quantification in real-time RT-PCR]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nucleic Acids Res]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<numero>29</numero>
<issue>29</issue>
<page-range>2002-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<label>16</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fragkoudis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Siu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barry]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Attarzadeh-Yazdi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Merits]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Semliki Forest virus strongly reduces mosquito host defense signaling]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Insect Mol Biol]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<numero>17</numero>
<issue>17</issue>
<page-range>647-56</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<label>17</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Colpitts]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cox]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vanlandingham]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Feitosa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cheng]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kurscheid]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Alterations in the Aedes aegypfi transcriptome during Infection with West Nile, dengue and yellow fever viruses]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[PLoS Pathog]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<numero>7</numero>
<issue>7</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<label>18</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chang-Hyun]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Muturi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effect of larval density and Sindbis virus infection on immune responses in Aedes aegypfi]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Insect Physiol]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<numero>59</numero>
<issue>59</issue>
<page-range>604-10</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<label>19</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chou]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hsu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lien]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Characterization of two mosquito STATs, AaSTAT and CtSTAT. Differential regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation and DNA binding activity by lipopolysaccharide treatment and by Japanese encephalitis virus infection]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Biol Chem]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<numero>279</numero>
<issue>279</issue>
<page-range>3308-17</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<label>20</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sim]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dimopoulos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Dengue virus inhibits immune responses in Aedes aegypfi cells]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[PLoS One]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<label>21</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lambrechts]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Scott]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Mode of transmission and the evolution of arbovirus virulence in mosquito vectors]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Proc R Soc B]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<numero>276</numero>
<issue>276</issue>
<page-range>1369-78</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<label>22</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cooper]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chamberlain]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lowenberger]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Aedes FADD: A novel death domain-containing protein required for antibacterial immunity in the yellow fever mosquito, Aedes aegypfi]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Insect Biochem Mol Biol]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<numero>39</numero>
<issue>39</issue>
<page-range>47-54</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<label>23</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bartholomay]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Michel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Mosquito Immunobiology: the intersection of vector health and vector competence]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Annu Rev Entomol]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<numero>63</numero>
<issue>63</issue>
<page-range>145-67</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<label>24</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lowenberger]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Innate immune response of Aedes aegypfi]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Insect Biochem Mol Biol]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<numero>31</numero>
<issue>31</issue>
<page-range>219-22</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
