<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0120-4157</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Biomédica]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Biomed.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0120-4157</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituto Nacional de Salud]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0120-41572021000600021</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.7705/biomedica.5987</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Pitfalls and perils of survival analysis under incorrect assumptions: the case of COVID-19 data]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Escollos y peligros del análisis de supervivencia: el caso de los datos de COVID-19]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Piovani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Daniele]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[K. Nikolopoulos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Georgios]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bonovas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Stefanos]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Humanitas University Department of Biomedical Sciences ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Milan ]]></addr-line>
<country>Italy</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,University of Cyprus  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Nicosia ]]></addr-line>
<country>Cyprus</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Milan ]]></addr-line>
<country>Italy</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>10</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>10</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>41</volume>
<fpage>21</fpage>
<lpage>28</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0120-41572021000600021&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0120-41572021000600021&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0120-41572021000600021&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract Non-parametric survival analysis has become a very popular statistical method in current medical research. However, resorting to survival analysis when its fundamental assumptions are not fulfilled can severely bias the results. Currently, hundreds of clinical studies are using survival methods to investigate factors potentially associated with the prognosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and test new preventive and therapeutic strategies. In the pandemic era, it is more critical than ever to base decision-making on evidence and rely on solid statistical methods, but this is not always the case. Serious methodological errors have been identified in recent seminal studies about COVID-19: One reporting outcomes of patients treated with remdesivir and another one on the epidemiology, clinical course, and outcomes of critically ill patients. High-quality evidence is essential to inform clinicians about optimal COVID-19 therapies and policymakers about the true effect of preventive measures aiming to tackle the pandemic. Though timely evidence is needed, we should encourage the appropriate application of survival analysis methods and careful peer-review to avoid publishing flawed results, which could affect decision-making. In this paper, we recapitulate the basic assumptions underlying non-parametric survival analysis and frequent errors in its application and discuss how to handle data on COVID-19.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen El análisis de supervivencia es un método estadístico muy popular en la investigación médica actual. Sin embargo, el recurrir al análisis de supervivencia cuando no se cumplen sus supuestos fundamentales puede sesgar gravemente los resultados. Actualmente, cientos de estudios clínicos están utilizando esta metodología para estudiar los factores potencialmente asociados con el pronóstico de la COVID-19 y probar nuevas estrategias preventivas y terapéuticas. En la pandemia actual es más importante que nunca que las decisiones se basen en pruebas y en métodos estadísticos sólidos. Sin embargo, este no es siempre el caso. Se han detectado errores metodológicos graves en estudios seminales recientes sobre COVID-19: uno que informa los resultados de los pacientes tratados con remdesivir y otro sobre la epidemiología, el curso clínico y los resultados de los pacientes críticamente enfermos. La evidencia de calidad es esencial para informar a los médicos sobre las terapias óptimas contra la enfermedad y, a los legisladores, sobre el verdadero efecto de las medidas preventivas destinadas a abordar la pandemia. Aunque se necesitan pruebas oportunas, debemos fomentar la aplicación adecuada de los métodos de análisis de supervivencia y una cuidadosa revisión por pares para evitar la publicación de resultados defectuosos que pueden afectar la adopción de decisiones. En este artículo, recapitulamos los supuestos básicos que subyacen al análisis de supervivencia y los errores frecuentes en su aplicación, y discutimos cómo manejar los datos sobre la COVID-19.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Coronavirus infections]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[betacoronavirus]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[severe acute respiratory syndrome]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[survival analysis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[data interpretation, statistical]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[infecciones por coronavirus]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[betacoronavirus]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[síndrome respiratorio agudo grave]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[análisis de supervivencia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[interpretación estadística de datos]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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