<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0120-548X</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Acta Biológica Colombiana]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Acta biol.Colomb.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0120-548X</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Biología]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0120-548X2018000300235</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15446/abc.v23n3.69455</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[FOLIAR ENDOPHYTE FUNGI AS CANDIDATE FOR BIOCONTROL AGAINST Moniliophthora spp. OF Theobroma cacao (Malvaceae) IN ECUADOR]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Hongos endófitos foliares como candidatos a biocontroladores contra Moniliophthora spp. de Theobroma cacao (Malvaceae) en Ecuador]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[VILLAVICENCIO-VÁSQUEZ]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mirian]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[ESPINOZA-LOZANO]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Rodrigo Fernando]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[PÉREZ-MARTÍNEZ]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Simón]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[CASTILLO]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Daynet SOSA DEL]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Guayaquil ]]></addr-line>
<country>Ecuador</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Estatal de Milagro Facultad de Ingeniería ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Guayas ]]></addr-line>
<country>Ecuador</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2018</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2018</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>23</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<fpage>235</fpage>
<lpage>241</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0120-548X2018000300235&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0120-548X2018000300235&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0120-548X2018000300235&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT The adaptability of endophytic fungi to their hosts, the ecological benefits that it provides and the various antagonistic mechanisms against pests make them an alternative for the biological control of diseases. The potential of 17 strains of foliar endophytic fungi (FEF) obtained from healthy Theobroma cacao tissue as candidates for the biological control of Moniliophthora roreri (MR) and M. perniciosa (MP) was determined. We evaluated: i) mycoparasitism of FEF against colonies of Moniliophthora spp., ii) the effects of crude metabolites of FEF on the pathogens' growth, and iii) the ability to recolonize healthy leaves of the host by leaf assays. Three strains of Lasiodiplodia theobromae were the most promising: Ec098, Ec151 and Ec157. These strains inhibited the growth of MR and MP, both in the confrontation of the colonies and by their metabolites and, additionally, recolonized the host between 80-100 % of the time. Other strains showed outstanding values i n one indicator, and not desirable in others. For example, Ec035 (L. theobromae) showed the highest levels of mycoparasitism against both pathogens in the interaction of the colonies, and the second best for its metabolites, but could not reinfect the host. Strain Ec059 (Xylaria feejeensis) reinfected 100 %, but did not show desirable attributes of antagonism. On the other hand, the metabolites of Ec107 (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides s.l.) inhibited MR by 60 %, but also stimulated the growth of MP. No strain achieved all desirable characteristics for a biological control agent.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN La adaptabilidad de los hongos endófitos a sus hospedantes, los beneficios ecológicos que le brinda y los diversos mecanismos antagónicos contra plagas que poseen los convierten en una alternativa para el control biológico de enfermedades. Se determinó el potencial de 17 cepas de hongos endofíticos foliares (FEF) obtenidas de tejido sano de Theobroma cacao como candidatas para el control biológico de Moniliophthora roreri (MR) y M. perniciosa (MP). Se evaluaron: i) el micoparasitismo de los FEF frente a colonias de Moniliophthora spp., ii) la acción de los metabolitos crudos de los FEF en el crecimiento, y iii) la habilidad para recolonizar hojas sanas del hospedante mediante ensayos de hojas sueltas. Tres cepas de Lasiodiplodia theobromae fueron las más promisorias: Ec098, Ec151 and Ec157. Estas cepas inhibieron el crecimiento de MR y MP, tanto en el enfrentamiento de las colonias como mediante sus metabolitos y, adicionalmente, recolonizaron el hospedante entre el 80-100 % de las veces. Otras cepas mostraron valores destacados en un indicador, y no deseables en otros. Por ejemplo, la Ec035 (L. theobromae) mostró los niveles más altos de micoparasitismo contra ambos patógenos en la interacción de las colonias, y el segundo mejor por sus metabolitos, pero no pudo reinfectar el hospedante. La cepa Ec059 (Xylaria feejeensis) reinfectó 100 %, pero no mostró los atributos deseados de antagonismo. Por su parte, los metabolitos de Ec107 (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides s.l.) inhibieron a MR en un 60 %, pero también estimularon el crecimiento de MP. Ninguna cepa logró todas las características deseables para un agente de control biológico.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[biological control agent]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[crude extract metabolites]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[detached leaf assay]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[mycoparasitism]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[agente de control biológico]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[ensayo de hojas sueltas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[extracto crudo de metabolitos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[micoparasitismo]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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