<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0120-548X</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Acta Biológica Colombiana]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Acta biol.Colomb.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0120-548X</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Biología]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0120-548X2021000200278</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15446/abc.v26n2.86700</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[PREDATION OF PALE-BREASTED THRUSH EGGS BY THE ARIEL TOUCAN IN BRAZIL: FAILURE OF THE ANTI-PREDATORY STRATEGY]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Depredación de huevos de la mirla pechi pálida por el tucán Ariel in Brasil: fallo de la estrategia antidepredatoria]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[MOLINA MARTÍNEZ]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Yair Guillermo]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Ibagué  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Ibagué Tolima]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>08</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>26</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<fpage>278</fpage>
<lpage>282</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0120-548X2021000200278&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0120-548X2021000200278&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0120-548X2021000200278&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT The Channel-billed Toucan (Ramphastos vitellinus) is an omnivorous bird that eventually is nest-robbers. Several birdsongs display anti-predatory strategies such as attacks and mobbing calls to face this kind of predator. This note reports a predatory event of one Channel-billed Toucan upon eggs of Pale-breasted Thrush (Turdus leucomelas) and describes the anti-predatory behavior, principally alert and mobbing calls of the thrush. Even though the Pale-breasted Thrush displayed the anti-predatory behaviors to harass the toucan, the egg predation was not avoided. Although the predation upon eggs by Ramphastos vitellinus has been reported several times, the majority of reports lack the identity of the bird species affected, this being the first confirmed record in Turdus leucomelas.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN El tucán de Ariel (Ramphastos vitellinus ariel) es un ave omnívora que eventualmente es ladrona de nidos. Varias aves paseriformes muestran estrategias anti-depredatorias, tales como ataques y llamadas de acoso para enfrentarse a este tipo de depredadores. Esta nota reporta un evento de depredación de un tucán de Ariel sobre huevos de la mirla pechi pálida (Turdus leucomelas), y describe el comportamiento antipredador, principalmente el relacionado con las llamadas de alerta y de acoso de la mirla. A pesar de que la mirla pechi pálida mostró un comportamiento anti-depredatorio acosando al tucán, no se evitó la depredación de los huevos. Aunque la depredación de huevos por parte del Ramphastos vitellinus se ha registrado varias veces, la mayoría de los reportes carecen de la identidad de la especie de ave afectada, siendo este el primer registro confirmado en Turdus leucomelas.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[acoustic signal]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[mobbing behaviour]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[nest predators]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[alarm call]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[call of persecution]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[comportamiento de acoso]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[depredador de nido]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[señal acústica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[llamado de alarma]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[llamado de persecución]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carlson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[NV]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Healy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[SD]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Templeton]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CN.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A comparative study of how British tits encode predator threat in their mobbing calls]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Anim Behav]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>125</volume>
<page-range>77-92</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carlson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[NV]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Greene]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Templeton]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CN.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Nuthatches vary their alarm calls based upon the source of the eavesdropped signals]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nat Commun]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<volume>11</volume>
<numero>526</numero>
<issue>526</issue>
<page-range>1-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Castro Molinaro]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pinheiro da Costa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Briófitas do arboreto do Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rodriguésia]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>52</volume>
<numero>81</numero>
<issue>81</issue>
<page-range>107-24</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Collar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[NJ.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Family Turdidae (Thrushes)]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[del Hoyo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Elliot]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Christie]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[DA]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Handbook of the Birds of the World. Vol 10. Cuckoo-shrikes to Thrushes]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<page-range>514-807</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Barcelona ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Lynx Edicions]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Da Silva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JN]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schetini de Azevedo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Rattus rattus (Mammalia: Rodentia) predation by Ramphastos vitellinus (Aves: Ramphastidae) in Santa Teresa municipality, Espírito Santo, Brazil]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Rev Brasil Ornit]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>20</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>156-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dutour]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Léna]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lengagne]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Mobbing behaviour varies according to predator dangerousness and occurrence]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Anim Behav]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>119</volume>
<page-range>119-24</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dutour]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cordonnier]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Léna]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JP]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lengagne]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Seasonal variation in mobbing behaviour of passerine birds]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[J Ornithol]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>160</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>509-14</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Leite]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[GA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mello Barreiros]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MH]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cunha]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JG]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Souza Brito]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[RD.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Predação do sabiá-laranjeira Turdus rufiventris (Passeriformes: Turdidae) por tucano-de-bico-verde Ramphastos dicolorus (Piciformes: Ramphastidae) no município de Campos do Jordão, SP / Brasil]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Atuali Ornitol]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>158</volume>
<page-range>55-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Griesser]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Mobbing calls signal predator category in a kin group-living bird species]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Proc R Soc B]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>276</volume>
<page-range>2887-92</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jones]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KJ]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hill]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[WL.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Auditory perception of hawks and owls for passerine alarm calls]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ethology]]></source>
<year>2001</year>
<volume>107</volume>
<page-range>717-26</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jurisevic]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sanderson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KJ.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Acoustic discrimination of passerine anti-predator signals by Australian raptors]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Aust J Zool]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
<volume>46</volume>
<page-range>369-79</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marler]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Characteristics of some animal calls]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Nature]]></source>
<year>1955</year>
<volume>176</volume>
<page-range>6-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Matheus]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JC]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wittmann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[U]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Olaf]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Leutfeld]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schuchmann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[KL.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Reactions of birds to nestling predation by a snake]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ornitol Neotrop]]></source>
<year>1996</year>
<volume>7</volume>
<page-range>163-4</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Policht]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hart]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Goncharov]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Surovy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hanzal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cerveny]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Vocal recognition of a nest predator in black grouse]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Peer J]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>7</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Remsen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JV]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hyde]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[MA]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chapman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The diets of Neotropical trogons, motmots, barbets and toucans]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Condor]]></source>
<year>1993</year>
<volume>95</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>178-92</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Short]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[LL]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Horne]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JFM.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Family Ramphastidae (Toucans)]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[del Hoyo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Elliot]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sargatal]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Handbook of the Birds of the World]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>7</volume>
<page-range>220-72</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Barcelona ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Lynx Edicions]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Suzuki]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[TN.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Communication about predator type by a bird using discrete, graded and combinatorial variation in alarm calls]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Anim. Behav]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>87</volume>
<page-range>59-65</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Templeton]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CN]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Greene]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Davis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Allometry of alarm calls: black-capped chickadees encode information about predator size]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Science]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>308</volume>
<page-range>1934-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[JS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hung]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[CM.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Barn Swallow nest predation by a recent urban invader, the Taiwan Whistling Thrush - implications for the evolution of urban avian communities]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Zool Stud]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>58</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>1-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zuberbühler]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Survivor signals: The biology and psychology of animal alarm calling]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Naguib]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zuberbuhler]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Clayton]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[NS]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Janik]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Advances in the study of behavior]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<page-range>277-322</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[London ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Academic Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
