<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0120-548X</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Acta Biológica Colombiana]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Acta biol.Colomb.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0120-548X</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Facultad de Ciencias, Departamento de Biología]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0120-548X2022000300439</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15446/abc.v27n3.96342</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[EFECTO DE BORDE EN LA DIVERSIDAD Y COLONIZACIÓN DE ECTOMICORRIZAS DE Quercus humboldtii (FAGACEAE) EN ARCABUCO- BOYACÁ-COLOMBIA]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Edge effect on the diversity and colonization of ectomycorrhizae of Quercus humboldtii. (FAGACEAE) in Arcabuco- Boyacá-Colombia]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[BLANCO-VARGAS]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Catalina]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[VARGAS]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Natalia]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[PEÑA-CAÑÓN]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Rocío]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Tunja ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de los Andes  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Bogotá Cundinamarca]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>27</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<fpage>439</fpage>
<lpage>448</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0120-548X2022000300439&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0120-548X2022000300439&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0120-548X2022000300439&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN Los robledales en Colombia están dominados por la especie Quercus humboldtii Bonpl. Esta especie se encuentra en categoría de vulnerable debido a la deforestación para generar cultivos, zonas ganaderas y plantaciones de especies exóticas, ocasionando la formación de bordes por el deterioro del ecosistema. Estos bosques establecen asociaciones simbióticas con especies de hongos ectomicorrícicos, permitiendo el intercambio de nutrientes entre las hifas de los hongos y las raíces de las plantas. Este estudio analiza el efecto de borde en un área al interior (BNI-C) y al borde de un bosque de roble no intervenido (BNI-B), además de dos bordes de bosque con intervención antropogénica, una en contacto con plantación de Eucalyptus sp. (BE) y otro con ganadería (BG). Se estableció el borde de bosque mediante variables ambientales (temperatura ambiente, luminosidad temperatura y humedad del suelo). Se colectaron raicillas de siete árboles tanto de interior como de borde para medir la colonización y caracterizar morfológicamente las ectomicorrizas asociadas a las raíces de roble. Se evidenció el efecto de borde en el grado de colonización ectomicorrícica en las raíces de Q. humboldtii con porcentajes de 18 a 30 % en BNI, 15 % en BE y 47 % en BG. Los géneros ectomicorrícicos Cenococcum sp. y Lactarius sp. presentaron la mayor abundancia en los tres bosques, variando considerablemente cerca a los bordes en BG y BE. Se evidenciaron cambios de porcentaje de colonización y diversidad de morfotipos de ectomicorrizas en los bordes de los dos bosques intervenidos .]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT The oak forests in Colombia are dominated by the species Quercus humboldtii Bonpl. which is in the vulnerable category due to deforestation to generate crops, livestock areas and plantations of exotic species, causing the formation of edges due to the deterioration of the ecosystem. These forests establish symbiotic associations with species of ectomycorrhizal fungi, allowing the exchange of nutrients and water between fungal hyphae and plant roots. This study analyzes the edge effect in the interior (BNI-C) and at the edge of an undisturbed oak forest (BNI-B), in addition to two forest edges with anthropogenic intervention, one in contact with a plantation of Eucalyptus sp. (BE) and another with cattle ranching (BG). The forest edge was established by measuring environmental variables (ambient temperature, luminosity, temperature, and soil humidity). Oak roots were collected from seven trees at the interior and edge of each forest and the quantification of colonization and morphological characterization of ectomycorrhizae was made. The edge effect was evidenced in the degree of ectomycorrhizal colonization in the roots of Q. humboldtii with percentages of 18 to 30 % in BNI, 15 % in BE and 47 % in BG. The ectomycorrhizal genera Cenococcum sp. and Lactarius sp. showed the highest abundance in the three forests, varying considerably near the edges in BG and BE. Changes in the percentage of colonization and morphotype diversity of ectomycorrhizae were evidenced at the forest edge in contact with the two disturbed areas.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Efecto de borde]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Composición botánica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Ectomicorrizas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Bosque Altoandino]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Colonización de raíces]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Edge effect]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Botanical composition]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Ectomycorrhizae]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Oak]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Root colonization]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Agerer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Characterization of ectomycorrhiza]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Norris]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Read]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Varma]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. K.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Methods in Microbiology]]></source>
<year>1991</year>
<page-range>25-73</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[Academic Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Agerer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Fungal relationships and structural identity of their ectomycorrhizae]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Mycological Progress]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>5</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>67-107</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Avella Muñoz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cárdenas Camacho]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Conservación y uso sostenible de los bosques de roble en el corredor de conservación Guantiva-La Rusia-Iguaque, departamentos de Santander y Boyacá, Colombia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Colombia Forestal]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>13</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>5-30</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bainard]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Klironomos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. N]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The mycorrhizal status and colonization of 26 tree species growing in urban and rural environments]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gordon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Mycorrhiza]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<numero>21</numero>
<issue>21</issue>
<page-range>91-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brundrett]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bougher]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dell]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Grove]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Malajczuk]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Working with Mycorrhizas in Forestry and Agriculture]]></source>
<year>1997</year>
<page-range>374</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[ACIAR]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brundrett]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Diversity and classification of mycorrhizal associations]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Biological Reviews]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>79</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>473-95</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jost]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Coverage-based rarefaction and extrapolation: Standardizing samples by completeness rather than size]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Ecology]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>93</volume>
<numero>12</numero>
<issue>12</issue>
<page-range>2533-47</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>Corporación Autónoma Regional de Cundinamarca</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Plan de manejo y conservación del Roble (Quercus humboldtii Bonpl.) en la jurisdicción Car Cundinamarca]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Corporación Autónoma Regional de Cundinamarca]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Crockatt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Are there edge effects on forest fungi and if so, do they matter?]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Fungal Biology Reviews]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>26</volume>
<numero>2-3</numero>
<issue>2-3</issue>
<page-range>94-101</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dickie]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. I]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Ectomycorrhizal fungal communities at forest edges]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reich]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P. B]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Ecology]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>93</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>244-55</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ewers]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Didham]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. K]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Continuous response functions for quantifying the strength of edge effects]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Applied Ecology]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>43</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>527-36</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gehring]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Whitham]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Comparisons of ectomycorrhizae on pinyon pines (Pinus edulis; Pinaceae) across extremes of soil type and herbivory]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[American Journal of Botany]]></source>
<year>1994</year>
<volume>81</volume>
<numero>12</numero>
<issue>12</issue>
<page-range>1509-16</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gutiérrez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Estado de conocimiento de especies invasoras. Propuesta de lineamientos para el control de los impactos]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<page-range>158</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[Instituto de Investigación de Recursos Biológicos Alexander Von Humboldt]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Herzog]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Peter]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pritsch]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Günthardt-Goerg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Drought and air warming affect abundance and exoenzyme profiles of Cenococcum geophilum associated with Quercus robur, Q. petraea and Q. pubescens]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Egli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Plant Biology]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>15</volume>
<numero>s1</numero>
<issue>s1</issue>
<page-range>230-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hylander]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Aspect modifies the magnitude of edge effects on bryophyte growth in boreal forests]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Applied Ecology]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>42</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>421-604</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Instituto de Hidrología, Meteorología y Estudios Ambientales (IDEAM)</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Monitoreo y seguimiento al fenómeno de la deforestación en Colombia]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jany]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. -L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Garbaye]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Cenococcum geophilum populations show a high degree of genetic diversity in beech forests]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[New Phytologist]]></source>
<year>2002</year>
<volume>154</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>651-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jost]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[¿Qué entendemos por diversidad? El camino hacia la cuantificación]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Mètode]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>98</volume>
<numero>9</numero>
<issue>9</issue>
<page-range>39-45</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kummel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Altering light availability to the plant host determined the identity of the dominant ectomycorrhizal fungal partners and mediated mycorrhizal effects on plant growth]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lostroh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Botany]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<numero>89</numero>
<issue>89</issue>
<page-range>439-50</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[LoBuglio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K. F]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Cenococcum]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cairney]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. W. G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chambers]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. W.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Ectomycorrhizal fungi in key genera in profile]]></source>
<year>1999</year>
<page-range>287-309</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[Springer]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lothamer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Comparison of root-associated communities of native and non-native ectomycorrhizal hosts in an urbanlandscape]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brown]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. P]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mattox]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jumpponen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Mycorrhiza]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<numero>24</numero>
<issue>24</issue>
<page-range>267-80</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Magnago]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. F. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rocha]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Meyer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Venâncio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Microclimatic conditions at forest edges have significant impacts on vegetation structure in large Atlantic Forest fragments]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alves Meira-Neto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Biodiversity and Conservation]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<numero>24</numero>
<issue>24</issue>
<page-range>2305-18</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Miller-Rushing]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Primack]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Devictor]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Corlett]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cumming]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Loyola]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Maas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[How does habitat fragmentation affect biodiversity? A controversial question at the core of conservation biology]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pejchar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Biological Conservation]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<numero>232</numero>
<issue>232</issue>
<page-range>271-3</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Murcia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Edge effects in fragmented forests: implications for conservation]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Trends in Ecology &amp; Evolution]]></source>
<year>1995</year>
<volume>10</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>58-62</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Neri-Luna]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Villarreal-Ruiz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Simbiosis micorrícica: un análisis de su relevante función ecosistémica y en la provisión de servicios ambientales]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Huerta-Martínez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Castro-Félix]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. P.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Interacciones Ecológicas]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<page-range>37-62</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad de Guadalajara]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Palacio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. D]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. F]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Estado de la investigación en genética de la conservación de los robles (Fagaceae) en Colombia]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Solano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vargas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Memorias Primer Simposio Internacional de Roble y Ecosistemas Asociados]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<page-range>57-73</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[Fundación Natura Bogotá]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Peña-Venegas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Endo-and Ectomycorrhizas in Tropical Ecosystems of Colombia]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vasco-Palacios]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pagano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lugo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Mycorrhizal Fungi in South America]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<page-range>111-46</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[Fungal Biol]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Phillips]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hayman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Improved Procedures for Clearing Roots and Staining Parasitic and Vesicular-arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi for Rapid Assessment of Infection]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Transactions of the British Mycological Society]]></source>
<year>1970</year>
<volume>55</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>158-61</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<source><![CDATA[Plan de Desarrollo de Arcabuco República de Colombia, Departamento de Boyacá, Alcaldía municipal de Arcabuco]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<page-range>6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Porensky]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Young]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Edge-effect interactions in fragmented and patchy landscapes]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Conservation Biology]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>27</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>509-19</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>RStudio Team</collab>
<source><![CDATA[RStudio: Integrated Development for R. RStudio [programa de ordenador]. versión 4.0.2 PBC]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Boston, MA ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Richard]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moreau]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Selosse]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Diversity and fruiting patterns of ectomycorrhizal and saprobic fungi in an old-growth Mediterranean forest dominated by Quercus ilex]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gardes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Canadian Journal of Botany]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>82</volume>
<numero>12</numero>
<issue>12</issue>
<page-range>1711-29</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ruckli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rusterholz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H. P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Baur]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Disrupting ectomycorrhizal symbiosis: Indirect effects of an annual invasive plant on growth and survival of beech (Fagus sylvatica) saplings]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<numero>19</numero>
<issue>19</issue>
<page-range>12-20</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Singer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Oak mycorrhiza fungi in Colombia]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Mycopathologia et mycologia applicata]]></source>
<year>1963</year>
<numero>20</numero>
<issue>20</issue>
<page-range>239-52</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Systat Software</collab>
<source><![CDATA[SigmaPlot for Windows Version 12.0. San Jose: Systat Software Inc]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Smith]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Read]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Mycorrhizal symbiosis]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<edition>3</edition>
<page-range>191</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[Academic Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Suz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kallow]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reed]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bidartondo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. I]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Pine mycorrhizal communities in pure and mixed pine-oak forests: Abiotic environment trumps neighboring oak host effects]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Barsoum]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Forest Ecology and Management]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<numero>406</numero>
<issue>406</issue>
<page-range>370-80</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Turner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G. D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lewis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mates-Muchin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schuster]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W. F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Light availability and soil source influence ectomycorrhizal fungal communities on oak seedlings grown in oak and hemlock-associated soils]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Watt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Canadian Journal of Forest Research]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<numero>39</numero>
<issue>39</issue>
<page-range>1247-58</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vargas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pardo-de La Hoz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Danies]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Franco-Molano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jiménez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Restrepo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Defining the phylogenetic position of Amanita species from Andean Colombia]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Grajales]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Mycologia]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>109</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>261-76</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B40">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vargas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Restrepo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Checklist of Ectomycorrhizal Mushrooms Associated with Quercus humboldtii in Colombia]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pérez-Moreno]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guerin-Laguette]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arzú]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. Flores]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F. Q.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Mushrooms, Humans and Nature in a Changing World]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
<page-range>425-50</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[Springer]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B41">
<nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vasco-Palacios]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Franco-Molano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. E]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[López]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Reserva Natural Regional Cuchilla Jardín Támesis Antioquia, Una mirada a su biodiversidad. Capítulo 3 "Macrohongos de un Bosque de Roble, Quercus humboldtii Bonpl., en la Vereda Contrafuerte, Municipio de Andes (Colombia)"]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<page-range>156</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B42">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vasco-Palacios]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. M]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Franco Molano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. E]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Diversity of Colombian macrofungi (Ascomycota - Basidiomycota). v1.2]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad de Antioquia. Dataset/Checklist]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B43">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Witte]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rosenstock]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N. P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Van der Linde]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Nitrogen deposition changes ectomycorrhizal communities in Swiss beech forests]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Braun]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Science of The Total Environment]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<numero>605-606</numero>
<issue>605-606</issue>
<page-range>1083-96</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B44">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wolfe]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodgers]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V. L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stinson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pringle]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The invasive plant Alliaria petiolata (garlic mustard) inhibits ectomycorrhizal fungi in its introduced range]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Ecology]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>96</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>777-83</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B45">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhou]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Ectomycorrhizal colonization of Quercus rubra seedlings in response to vegetation removals in oak and pine stands]]></article-title>
<person-group person-group-type="editor">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sharik]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. T]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jurgensen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Richter]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. L]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Forest Ecology and Management]]></source>
<year>1997</year>
<volume>93</volume>
<numero>1-2</numero>
<issue>1-2</issue>
<page-range>91-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
