<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0120-5609</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Ingeniería e Investigación]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Ing. Investig.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0120-5609</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de Colombia.]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0120-56092018000100031</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15446/ing.investig.v38n1.64516</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Effects of pyrolysis atmosphere on the porous structure and reactivity of chars from middle and high rank coals]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Efectos de la atmósfera de pirólisis sobre la estructura porosa y la reactividad de los carbonizados formados desde carbones de alto y mediano rango]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Valdés]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Carlos F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Betancur]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Yuli]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[López]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Diana]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gómez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Carlos A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chejne]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Farid]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional de Colombia Facultad de Minas Escuela de Procesos y Energía, TAYEA Group]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Medellín Antioquia]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Antioquia Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales Instituto de Química]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Medellín Antioquia]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Antioquia Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales Instituto de Química]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Medellín Antioquia]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional de Colombia Facultad de Minas Escuela de Procesos y Energía, TAYEA Group]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Medellín Antioquia]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af5">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional de Colombia Facultad de Minas Escuela de Procesos y Energía, TAYEA Group]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Medellín ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>04</month>
<year>2018</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>04</month>
<year>2018</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>38</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<fpage>31</fpage>
<lpage>45</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0120-56092018000100031&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0120-56092018000100031&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0120-56092018000100031&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT The influence of a CO2 or N2-based atmosphere on the porous structure and microstructure of the chars obtained from the non-isothermal slow devolatilization (10 °C/min), from room temperature to 900 °C, of two coals of different rank (Semi-Anthracite (SA) and High Volatile Bituminous type C (HVBC)) and different particle size distribution was studied. Physicochemical characterization (ultimate and proximate analysis), structural and morphological characterization by Raman spectroscopy, FE-SEM, BET surface area, and volume and diameter microporous by CO2 adsorption measurements were carried out for all the chars. It was found that the kinetic parameters, the physicochemical properties, and reactivity of the chars are different, depending on the pyrolysis atmosphere. It was also determined that for the char from SA coal with particle size greater than 0.7 mm, the BET surface area increases when the atmosphere is enriched with CO2. This effect appears to be promoted by the interaction of different processes such as intraparticle side reactions (softening, nucleation and coalescence of bubbles, crosslinking, among others), differences in the thermal diffusivity of N2 and CO2, and the reactive effects of the latter. Additionally, tests of oxidative reactivity of chars showed that the char formed in a CO2 atmosphere is more reactive than that formed in N2. With the results of Raman analysis and kinetic parameters quantified, it was concluded that the reaction atmosphere determined the degree of ordering achieved by the char structure and that the thermo-diffusive properties of the reaction atmosphere promoted structural differences in the char even at low heating rates.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN Se estudió la influencia de una atmósfera basada en CO2 o N2 sobre la estructura porosa y la microestructura de carbonizados de carbón obtenidos de la pirólisis lenta no isotérmica desde temperatura ambiente hasta 900 °C de dos carbones de diferente rango (Semi-Antracita (SA) y Bituminosos Alto en Volátiles tipo C (BAVC)), y de diferentes distribuciones de tamaño de partícula. Para todos los carbonizados se realizó la caracterización fisicoquímica (Análisis ultimo y próximo), la caracterización morfológica y estructural por combinación de técnicas como espectroscopia Rama, Microscopia electrónica de barrido por emisión de campo (FE-SEM), área superficial (BET - Brunauer-Emmett-Teller) y volumen y diámetro de microporos por mediciones de adsorción en CO2 (Horvath-Kawazoe (HK) method). Se encontró que los parámetros cinéticos, las propiedades fisicoquímicas y la reactividad de los carbonizados de carbón son diferentes dependiendo de la atmósfera de pirólisis. También se determinó que para el carbonizado de carbón de SA, con un tamaño de partícula mayor de 0,7 mm, la superficie BET aumenta cuando la atmósfera se enriquece en CO2. Este efecto parece ser promovido por la interacción de diferentes procesos como las reacciones secundarias intrapartícula (ablandamiento, nucleación y coalescencia de burbujas, entrecruzamiento, entre otros), diferencias en la difusividad térmica de N2 y CO2, y los efectos reactivos de este último. Además, los ensayos de reactividad oxidativa de los sólidos mostraron que el carbonizado formado en una atmósfera de CO2 es más reactivo que el formado en N2. Con los resultados del análisis de Raman y los parámetros cinéticos cuantificados, se concluyó que la atmósfera de reacción determinó el grado de ordenación alcanzado por la estructura carbonosa y que las propiedades termo-difusivas de la atmósfera de reacción promovieron diferencias estructurales en el carbonizado, incluso a bajas velocidades de calentamiento.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Slow pyrolysis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Pore size distribution]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[large coal particles]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Oxy-combustion]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[reactivity]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Pirólisis lenta]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[distribución de tamaño de poro]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[grandes partículas de carbón]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Oxy-combustión]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[reactividad]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Al-Makhadmeh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Maier]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Al-Harahsheh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Scheffknecht]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Oxy-fuel technology: An experimental investigations into oil shale combustion under oxy-fuel conditions]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Fuel]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>103</volume>
<page-range>421-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Apicella]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Senneca]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Russo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Heuer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cortese]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cerciello]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ciajolo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Separation and characterization of carbonaceous particulate (soot and char) produced from fast pyrolysis of coal in inert and CO2 atmospheres]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Fuel]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arenillas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rubiera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. .]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cuesta]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. .]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Iglesias]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. .]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jiménez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Suárez-Ruiz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Thermal behaviour during the pyrolysis of low rank perhydrous coals]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>68-69</volume>
<page-range>371-85</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bejarano]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Levendis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y. A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Single-coal-particle combustion in O2/N2 and O2/CO2 environments]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Combustion and Flame]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>153</volume>
<numero>1-2</numero>
<issue>1-2</issue>
<page-range>270-87</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Beyssac]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Goffé]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Petitet]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.-P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Froigneux]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moreau]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rouzaud]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.-N]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[On the characterization of disordered and heterogeneous carbonaceous materials by Raman spectroscopy]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy]]></source>
<year>2003</year>
<volume>59</volume>
<numero>10</numero>
<issue>10</issue>
<page-range>2267-76</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Borah]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ghosh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P. G]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Devolatilization of coals of North-Eastern India under fluidized bed conditions in oxygen-enriched air]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Fuel Processing Technology]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<volume>89</volume>
<numero>12</numero>
<issue>12</issue>
<page-range>1470-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Borrego]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alvarez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Comparison of Chars Obtained under Oxy-Fuel and Conventional Pulverized Coal Combustion Atmospheres]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Energy &amp; Fuels]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>21</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>3171-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Borrego]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Garavaglia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kalkreuth]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W. D]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Characteristics of high heating rate biomass chars prepared under N2 and CO2 atmospheres]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[International Journal of Coal Geology]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>77</volume>
<numero>3-4</numero>
<issue>3-4</issue>
<page-range>409-15</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brix]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jensen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jensen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. D]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Coal devolatilization and char conversion under suspension fired conditions in O2/N2 and O/CO2 atmospheres]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Fuel]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>89</volume>
<numero>11</numero>
<issue>11</issue>
<page-range>3373-80</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Leckner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gómez-Barea]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Liu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pallarès]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Devolatilization of a single fuel particle in a fluidized bed under oxy-combustion conditions. Part B: Modeling and comparison with measurements]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Combustion and Flame]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>162</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>809-18</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pallarès]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gómez-Barea]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Liu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Leckner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Oxy-fuel combustion of a single fuel particle in a fluidized bed: Char combustion characteristics, an experimental study]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Chemical Engineering Journal]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>287</volume>
<page-range>649-56</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dufour]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ouartassi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bounaceur]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zoulalian]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Modelling intra-particle phenomena of biomass pyrolysis]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Chemical Engineering Research and Design]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>89</volume>
<numero>10</numero>
<issue>10</issue>
<page-range>2136-46</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Flynn]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wall]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A quick, direct method for the determination of activation energy from thermogravimetric data]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Letters]]></source>
<year>1966</year>
<volume>4</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>323-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gavalas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G. R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Coal pyrolysis]]></source>
<year>1982</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Amsterdam; New York: New York, N.Y ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Elsevier Scientific Pub. Co.: Distributors for the U.S. and Canada, Elsevier Science Pub. Co]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gil]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. V.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Riaza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Álvarez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pevida]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rubiera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Oxy-fuel combustion kinetics and morphology of coal chars obtained in N2 and CO2 atmospheres in an entrained flow reactor]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Applied Energy]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>91</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>67-74</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gonzalo-Tirado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jiménez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Detailed analysis of the CO oxidation chemistry around a coal char particle under conventional and oxy-fuel combustion conditions]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Combustion and Flame]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>162</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>478-85</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gonzalo-Tirado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jiménez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ballester]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Kinetics of CO2 gasification for coals of different ranks under oxy-combustion conditions]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Combustion and Flame]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>160</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>411-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hayhurst]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lawrence]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. D]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The devolatilization of coal and a comparison of chars produced in oxidizing and inert atmospheres in fluidized beds]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Combustion and Flame]]></source>
<year>1995</year>
<volume>100</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>591-604</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hecht]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shaddix]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Geier]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Molina]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Haynes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B. S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effect of CO2 and steam gasification reactions on the oxy-combustion of pulverized coal char]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Combustion and Flame]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>159</volume>
<numero>11</numero>
<issue>11</issue>
<page-range>3437-47</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Heuer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Senneca]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wütscher]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Düdder]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schiemann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Muhler]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Scherer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effects of oxy-fuel conditions on the products of pyrolysis in a drop tube reactor]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Fuel Processing Technology]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>150</volume>
<page-range>41-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ito]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Diffuse reflectance spectra of coals in the UV-visible and near-IR regions]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Energy &amp; Fuels]]></source>
<year>1992</year>
<volume>6</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>662-5</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Johnson]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rostam-Abadi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mirza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stephensn]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kruse]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Co-pyrolysis of coal and oil shale I: Thermodynamics and kinetics of hydrogen sulfide capture by oil shale]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Illinois state geological survey]]></source>
<year>1986</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<nlm-citation citation-type="confpro">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Khan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jenkins]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. G]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Thermoplastic properties of coal at elevated pressures: effects of gas atmospheres]]></source>
<year>1985</year>
<conf-name><![CDATA[ Presented at the International Conference on Coal Science]]></conf-name>
<conf-loc>Sydney </conf-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Khatami]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stivers]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Joshi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Levendis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sarofim]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. F]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Combustion behavior of single particles from three different coal ranks and from sugar cane bagasse in O2/N2 and O2/CO2 atmospheres]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Combustion and Flame]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>159</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>1253-71</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kim]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Choi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shaddix]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Geier]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effect of CO2 gasification reaction on char particle combustion in oxy-fuel conditions]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Fuel]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>120</volume>
<page-range>130-40</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Larsen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. W]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The effects of dissolved CO2 on coal structure and properties]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[International Journal of Coal Geology]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>57</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>63-70</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Li]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Q.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Properties of char particles obtained under O2/N2 and O2/CO2 combustion environments]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Chemical Engineering and Processing: Process Intensification]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>49</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>449-59</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Li]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ma]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Liu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A TG-FTIR investigation to the co-pyrolysis of oil shale with coal]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>120</volume>
<page-range>540-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Li]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hayashi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Li]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[FT-Raman spectroscopic study of the evolution of char structure during the pyrolysis of a Victorian brown coal]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Fuel]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>85</volume>
<numero>12-13</numero>
<issue>12-13</issue>
<page-range>1700-7</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Li]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rathnam]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Q.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wall]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Meesri]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Pyrolysis and Combustion Characteristics of an Indonesian Low-Rank Coal under O2/N2 and O2/CO2 Conditions]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Energy &amp; Fuels]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>24</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>160-4</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lin-Vien]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Handbook of infrared and raman characteristic frequencies of organic molecules]]></source>
<year>1991</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Boston ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Academic Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Maffei]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Khatami]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pierucci]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Faravelli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ranzi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Levendis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y. A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Experimental and modeling study of single coal particle combustion in O2/N2 and Oxy-fuel (O2/CO2) atmospheres]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Combustion and Flame]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>160</volume>
<numero>11</numero>
<issue>11</issue>
<page-range>2559-72</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Miao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Li]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Meng]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zheng]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Investigation into co-pyrolysis characteristics of oil shale and coal]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[International Journal of Mining Science and Technology]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>22</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>245-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Molina]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shaddix]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Ignition and devolatilization of pulverized bituminous coal particles during oxygen/ carbon dioxide coal combustion]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Proceedings of the Combustion Institute]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>31</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>1905-12</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Murphy]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shaddix]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Combustion kinetics of coal chars in oxygen-enriched environments]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Combustion and Flame]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>144</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>710-29</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<nlm-citation citation-type="confpro">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Niksa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Heyd]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Russel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W. B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Saville]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. A]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[On the role of heating rate in rapid coal devolatilization]]></source>
<year>1985</year>
<volume>20</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<conf-name><![CDATA[ Symposium (International) on Combustion]]></conf-name>
<conf-loc> </conf-loc>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>1445-53</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Oh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Softening coal pyrolysis]]></source>
<year>1985</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B38">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ozawa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A New Method of Analyzing Thermogravimetric Data]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan]]></source>
<year>1965</year>
<volume>38</volume>
<numero>11</numero>
<issue>11</issue>
<page-range>1881-6</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B39">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Perera]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. S. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ranjith]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P. G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Choi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bouazza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kodikara]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Airey]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A review of coal properties pertinent to carbon dioxide sequestration in coal seams: with special reference to Victorian brown coals]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Environmental Earth Sciences]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>64</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>223-35</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B40">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pielsticker]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Heuer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Senneca]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cerciello]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Salatino]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cortese]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kneer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Comparison of pyrolysis test rigs for oxy-fuel conditions]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Fuel Processing Technology]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B41">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Prinz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pyckhout-Hintzen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Littke]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Development of the meso- and macroporous structure of coals with rank as analysed with small angle neutron scattering and adsorption experiments]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Fuel]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>83</volume>
<numero>4-5</numero>
<issue>4-5</issue>
<page-range>547-56</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B42">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rathnam]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Elliott]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wall]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T. F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Liu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moghtaderi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Differences in reactivity of pulverised coal in air (O2/N2) and oxy-fuel (O2/CO2) conditions]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Fuel Processing Technology]]></source>
<year>2009</year>
<volume>90</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
<page-range>797-802</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B43">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reich]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Thomsen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Raman spectroscopy of graphite. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Physical and Engineering Sciences]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>362</volume>
<numero>1824</numero>
<issue>1824</issue>
<page-range>2271-88</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B44">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Riaza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Khatami]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Levendis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Álvarez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gil]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. V.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pevida]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Single particle ignition and combustion of anthracite, semi-anthracite and bituminous coals in air and simulated oxy-fuel conditions]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Combustion and Flame]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>161</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>1096-108</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B45">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ross]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Devolatilisation times of coal particles in a fluidised-bed]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Fuel]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>79</volume>
<numero>8</numero>
<issue>8</issue>
<page-range>873-83</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B46">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sakurovs]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[He]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Melnichenko]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y. B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Radlinski]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Blach]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lemmel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mildner]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. F. R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Pore size distribution and accessible pore size distribution in bituminous coals]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[International Journal of Coal Geology]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>100</volume>
<page-range>51-64</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B47">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Saucedo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Butel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Scott]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Collings]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dennis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Significance of gasification during oxy-fuel combustion of a lignite char in a fluidised bed using a fast UEGO sensor]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Fuel]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>144</volume>
<page-range>423-38</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B48">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Senneca]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Apicella]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Heuer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Schiemann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Scherer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stanzione]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Russo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effects of CO2 on submicronic carbon particulate (soot) formed during coal pyrolysis in a drop tube reactor]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Combustion and Flame]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>172</volume>
<page-range>302-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B49">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Senneca]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cortese]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Kinetics of coal oxy-combustion by means of different experimental techniques]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Fuel]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>102</volume>
<page-range>751-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B50">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Senneca]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Salatino]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Masi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The influence of char surface oxidation on thermal annealing and loss of combustion reactivity]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Proceedings of the Combustion Institute]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>30</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>2223-30</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B51">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sheng]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Char structure characterised by Raman spectroscopy and its correlations with combustion reactivity]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Fuel]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>86</volume>
<numero>15</numero>
<issue>15</issue>
<page-range>2316-24</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B52">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Liu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Q.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Guo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Liu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Pyrolysis behavior and bonding information of coal - A TGA study]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Fuel Processing Technology]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>108</volume>
<page-range>125-32</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B53">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Singer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ghoniem]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. F]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The influence of gasification reactions on char consumption under oxy-combustion conditions: Effects of particle trajectory and conversion]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Proceedings of the Combustion Institute]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>34</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>3471-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B54">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Solomon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hamblen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Carangelo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Serio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Deshpande]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G. V]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[General model of coal devolatilization]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Energy &amp; Fuels]]></source>
<year>1988</year>
<volume>2</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>405-22</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B55">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Solomon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Serio]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Suuberg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E. M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Coal pyrolysis: Experiments, kinetic rates and mechanisms]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Progress in Energy and Combustion Science]]></source>
<year>1992</year>
<volume>18</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>133-220</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B56">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Speight]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. G]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The chemistry and technology of coal]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<edition>3</edition>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Boca Raton, Fla ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[CRC Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B57">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Stark]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. K]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Multi-Scale Chemistry Modeling of the Thermochemical Conversion of Biomass in a Fluidized Bed Gasifier]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[EEUU ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Massachusetts Institute of Technology]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B58">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Strezov]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lucas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Evans]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Strezov]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effect of heating rate on the thermal properties and devolatilisation of coal]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>78</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>385-97</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B59">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Su]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Song]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Li]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Xiang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Li]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.-Z]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effects of CO2 and heating rate on the characteristics of chars prepared in CO2 and N2 atmospheres]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Fuel]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>142</volume>
<page-range>243-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B60">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Thommes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Physical Adsorption Characterization of Nanoporous Materials]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Chemie Ingenieur Technik]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>82</volume>
<numero>7</numero>
<issue>7</issue>
<page-range>1059-73</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B61">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Toftegaard]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brix]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jensen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Glarborg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jensen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. D]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Oxy-fuel combustion of solid fuels]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Progress in Energy and Combustion Science]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>36</volume>
<numero>5</numero>
<issue>5</issue>
<page-range>581-625</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B62">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tolvanen]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Raiko]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[An experimental study and numerical modeling of combusting two coal chars in a drop-tube reactor: A comparison between N2/O2, CO2/O2, and N/CO/O2 atmospheres]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Fuel]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>124</volume>
<page-range>190-201</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B63">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tuinstra]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Raman Spectrum of Graphite]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The Journal of Chemical Physics]]></source>
<year>1970</year>
<volume>53</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>11-26</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B64">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Valdés]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Carlos F]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Marrugo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Gloria]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chejne]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Farid]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Román]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Juan David]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jorge]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I. Montoya]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effect of Atmosphere Reaction and Heating Rate on the Devolatilization of a Colombian Sub-Bituminous Coal]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>121</volume>
<page-range>93-101</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B65">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sun]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Su]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Xiang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fei]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Char Structural Evolution during Pyrolysis and Its Influence on Combustion Reactivity in Air and Oxy-Fuel Conditions]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Energy &amp; Fuels]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>26</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>1565-74</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B66">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Liu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Che]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Pyrolysis and combustion characteristics of coals in oxyfuel combustion]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Applied Energy]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>97</volume>
<page-range>264-73</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B67">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Xu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Su]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sun]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Qing]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Xiong]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Xiang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effects of steam and CO2 on the characteristics of chars during devolatilization in oxy-steam combustion process]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Applied Energy]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>182</volume>
<page-range>20-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B68">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B.-H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cao]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.-X.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cheng]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cheng]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Experimental investigation on coal devolatilization at high temperatures with different heating rates]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Fuel]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<volume>117</volume>
<page-range>1215-22</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B69">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Oxy-fuel combustion of pulverized fuels: Combustion fundamentals and modeling]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Applied Energy]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>162</volume>
<page-range>742-62</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B70">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lucas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wall]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T. F]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Formation of the structure of chars during devolatilization of pulverized coal and its thermoproperties: A review]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Progress in Energy and Combustion Science]]></source>
<year>2007</year>
<volume>33</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>135-70</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B71">
<nlm-citation citation-type="confpro">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zeng]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sarv]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[H]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Differences in chars formed from coal pyrolysis under N2 and CO 2 atmospheres]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<conf-name><![CDATA[ Presented at the International Pittsburgh Coal Conference]]></conf-name>
<conf-date>2008</conf-date>
<conf-loc>Pittsburgh, PA, USA </conf-loc>
<page-range>12</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B72">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kajitani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Umemoto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Wang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Quyn]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Song]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Li]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.-Z]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Changes in nascent char structure during the gasification of low-rank coals in CO2]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Fuel]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>158</volume>
<page-range>711-8</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B73">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sheng]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Evolution of the Char Structure of Lignite under Heat Treatment and Its Influences on Combustion Reactivity t]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Energy &amp; Fuels]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>24</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>152-9</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
