<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0120-5609</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Ingeniería e Investigación]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Ing. Investig.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0120-5609</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad Nacional de Colombia.]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0120-56092023000300008</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.15446/ing.investig.98916</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Design and Manufacturing of a Low-Cost Prosthetic Foot]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Diseño y fabricación de una prótesis de pie de bajo costo]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Saad M.]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ali]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Shurooq S.]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Mahmood]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,University of Technology  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Iraq</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Iraqia University  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Iraq</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>43</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<fpage>1</fpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0120-56092023000300008&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0120-56092023000300008&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0120-56092023000300008&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT Below-knee prosthetics are used to restore the functional activity and appearance of persons with lower limb amputation. This work attempted to design and manufacture a low-cost, novel, comfortable, lightweight, durable, and flexible smart below-knee foot prosthesis prototype. This prosthesis foot was designed according to the natural leg measurement of an adult male patient. The foot is composed of rigid PVC layers interspersed with elastic strips of PTFE, and the axis of the ankle joint is flexible and consists of metal layers and a composite of polymeric damping strips with different mechanical properties, making it flexible and allowing it to absorb shocks and store and release energy. The design, modeling, and simulation of the manufactured prosthetic foot were performed via the ANSYS 18.0 software and the finite element method (FEM), where a large number of parallel and oblique planes and sketches were created. This work included four adult patients weighing 50, 75, 90, and 120 kg with different walking cycles. The results show that the highest equivalent von Mises stress and total deformations for the prosthetic limb occur at the beginning of the walking step, while the highest equivalent elastic strains and strain energy release rates are observed at the end of the walking step, regardless of the weight. This prototype can satisfactorily perform the biomechanical functions of a natural human foot, and it can be produced in attractive sizes, models, and shapes to suit different levels of below-knee amputations for different ages and weights, especially for patients with limited income.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN Las prótesis debajo de la rodilla se utilizan para restaurar la actividad funcional y la apariencia de personas con amputación de miembros inferiores. Este trabajo intentó diseñar y fabricar un prototipo de prótesis de pie inteligente debajo de la rodilla, novedoso, cómodo, liviano, duradero, flexible y de bajo costo. Esta prótesis de pie fue diseñada según la medida natural de la pierna de un paciente masculino adulto. El pie está compuesto por capas rígidas de PVC intercaladas con tiras elásticas de PTFE, y el eje de la articulación del tobillo es flexible y está formado por capas metálicas y un compuesto de tiras amortiguadoras poliméricas con diferentes propiedades mecánicas, que la hacen flexible y le permiten absorber impactos y almacenar y liberar energía. El diseño, modelado y simulación de la prótesis de pie fabricada se realizó mediante el software ANSYS 18.0 y el método de elementos finitos (FEM), donde se crearon una gran cantidad de planos y bocetos paralelos y oblicuos. Este trabajo incluyó a cuatro pacientes adultos que pesaban 50, 75, 90 y 120 kg con diferentes ciclos de caminata. Los resultados muestran que la tensión de von Mises equivalente más alta y las deformaciones totales para la extremidad protésica ocurren al comienzo del paso de caminar, mientras que las deformaciones elásticas equivalentes y las tasas de liberación de energía de deformación más altas se observan al final del paso de caminar, independientemente del peso. Este prototipo puede realizar satisfactoriamente las funciones biomecánicas de un pie humano natural y puede producirse en tamaños, modelos y formas atractivos para adaptarse a diferentes niveles de amputaciones por debajo de la rodilla para diferentes edades y pesos, especialmente para pacientes con ingresos limitados.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[below- knee prosthesis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[lower limb amputation]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[flexible multi-layered foot]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[ANSYS 18.0 software simulation]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[RSM]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[walking cycle stages]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[von Mises stress]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[prótesis por debajo de la rodilla]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[amputación de miembro inferior]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[pie flexible de varias capas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[simulación en software ANSYS 18.0]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[RSM]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[etapas del ciclo de marcha]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[estrés de von Mises]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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