<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0120-6230</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Facultad de Ingeniería Universidad de Antioquia]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev.fac.ing.univ. Antioquia]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0120-6230</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Antioquia]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0120-62302016000400047</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17533/udea.redin.n81a05</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Fuzzy feedback algorithm for the spectral handoff in cognitive radio networks]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Algoritmo difuso realimentado para handoff espectral en redes de radio cognitivas]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hernández-Suárez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[César Augusto]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A a"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pedraza-Martínez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Luis Fernando]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rodríguez de la Colina]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Enrique]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Distrital Francisco José de Caldas Facultad Tecnológica ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Bogotá ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional de Colombia Facultad de Ingeniería Departamento de Ingeniería de Sistemas e Industrial]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Bogotá ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana Departamento de Ingeniería Eléctrica ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Ciudad de México ]]></addr-line>
<country>Mexico</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<numero>81</numero>
<fpage>47</fpage>
<lpage>62</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0120-62302016000400047&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0120-62302016000400047&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0120-62302016000400047&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT This work proposes a feedback algorithm based on a Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchical Process Method (FAHP) to improve decision making for the spectral handoff. We named it Feedback FAHP (FFAHP). To assess the performance level of the developed algorithms, a comparative analysis was made between the proposed FFAHP algorithm and the most relevant spectrum handoff algorithms in the current literature. These algorithms were assessed with the same decision criteria, which are, the probability of channel availability, estimated channel time availability, the signal to interference plus noise ratio and bandwidth. Unlike other related papers, benchmarking was validated through a trace of real spectrum occupation data captured in the frequency band GSM and Wi-Fi, which model the real behavior of primary users. In the validation phase, eight assessment scenarios were proposed to consider, two types of networks: GSM and Wi-Fi, two kinds of applications: real-time and best-effort, two traffic levels: high and low, and five evaluation metrics: number of handoffs, the number of failed handoff, bandwidth, delay, throughput. The results show that the proposed FFAHP Algorithm provides a performance improvement. The FFAHP Algorithm supplies an efficient and effective process for selecting frequency channels. The results indicate that the proposed FFAHP Algorithm provides a performance improvement. The FFAHP Algorithm supplies an efficient and effective method for selecting frequency channels. The results also show that the FFAHP Algorithm has a low average rate of handoffs, an effective use of the bandwidth, low delay and a high level of throughput; all these combined with the fact that the feedback implemented, stabilizes the system avoiding loops with consecutive hops to alternate frequencies.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN Este trabajo propone un algoritmo difuso realimentado basado en el método Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchical Process (FAHP) para mejorar la toma de decisiones para el handoff espectral. El algoritmo propuesto es denominado Feedback FAHP (FFAHP). Para evaluar el nivel de desempeño de los algoritmos desarrollados se realiza un análisis comparativo entre el algoritmo FFAHP propuesto y los algoritmos de handoff espectral más relevantes en la literatura actual. Estos algoritmos son diseñados con los mismos criterios de decisión, los cuales son: probabilidad de disponibilidad del canal, tiempo estimado de disponibilidad del canal, relación señal a ruido más interferencia y ancho de banda. A diferencia de los trabajos relacionados, la evaluación comparativa se validó a través de una traza de datos reales de ocupación espectral capturados en la banda de frecuencia GSM y Wi-Fi, que modelan el comportamiento real de los usuarios primarios. En la fase de validación se propusieron ocho escenarios de evaluación, al considerar, dos tipos de redes: GSM y Wi-Fi, dos clases de aplicaciones: tiempo-real y mejor-esfuerzo, dos niveles de tráfico: alto y bajo, y cinco métricas de evaluación: número de handoff, número de handoff fallidos, ancho de banda, retardo, Throughput. Los resultados muestran que el algoritmo FFAHP propuesto provee mejor desempeño. El algoritmo FFAHP provee un eficiente y efectivo proceso para la selección de canales de frecuencia. Los resultados también muestran que el algoritmo FFAHP tiene una baja tasa promedio de handoff, un uso eficiente del ancho de banda, un bajo retardo de transmisión y un alto nivel de throughput; todo esto combinado con el hecho que la realimentación implementada estabiliza el sistema evitando bucles con saltos consecutivos a frecuencias alternativas.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Cognitive radio]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[decision making]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[feedback algorithms]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[spectrum mobility]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[vertical handoff]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Radio cognitiva]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[toma de decisiones]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[algoritmo realimentado]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[movilidad espectral]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[handoff vertical]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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