<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0120-6230</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Facultad de Ingeniería Universidad de Antioquia]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev.fac.ing.univ. Antioquia]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0120-6230</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Antioquia]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0120-62302021000300075</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17533/udea.redin.20210525</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Colombian climatology in CMIP5/CMIP6 models: Persistent biases and improvements]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[La climatología colombiana en modelos CMIP5/CMIP6: Sesgos persistentes y mejoras]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arias]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Paola A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ortega]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Geusep]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Villegas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Laura D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martínez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. Alejandro]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Antioquia Facultad de Ingeniería Escuela Ambiental]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Medellín ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Antioquia Facultad de Ingeniería Escuela Ambiental]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Medellín ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2021</year>
</pub-date>
<numero>100</numero>
<fpage>75</fpage>
<lpage>96</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0120-62302021000300075&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0120-62302021000300075&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0120-62302021000300075&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT Northern South America is among the regions with the highest vulnerability to climate change. General Circulation Models (GCMs) are among the different tools considered to analyze the impacts of climate change. In particular, GCMs have been proved to provide useful information, although they exhibit systematic biases and fail in reproducing regional climate, particularly in terrains with complex topography. This work evaluates the performance of GCMs included in the fifth and sixth phases of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP), representing the annual cycle of precipitation and air surface temperature in Colombia. To evaluate this, we consider different observational and reanalysis datasets, including in situ gauges from the Colombian Meteorological Institute. Our results indicate that although the most recent generation of GCMs (CMIP6) show improvements with respect to the previous generation (CMIP5), they still have systematic biases in representing the Intertropical Convergence Zone and elevation-dependent processes, which highly determine intra-annual precipitation and air surface temperature in Colombia. In addition, CMIP6 models have larger biases in temperature over the Andes than CMIP5. We also analyze climate projections by the end of the 21st century according to the CMIP5/CMIP6 simulations under the highest greenhouse gases emission scenarios. Models show projections toward warmer air surface temperatures and mixed changes of precipitation, with decreases of precipitation over the Orinoco and Colombian Amazon in September-November and increases over the eastern equatorial Pacific during the entire year.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN El norte de Suramérica es una de las regiones más vulnerables ante cambio climático. Los Modelos de Circulación General (MCG) son las herramientas más empleadas para identificar los posibles impactos del cambio climático. Los MCG proveen información útil, aunque presentan sesgos sistemáticos, principalmente en zonas de topografía compleja. Se evalúa la habilidad de los modelos de la quinta y sexta fase del Proyecto de Comparación de Modelos Acoplados (CMIP) para representar el ciclo anual de precipitación y temperatura superficial del aire en Colombia. Se consideran diferentes bases de datos, incluyendo estaciones in situ del Instituto de Hidrología, Meteorología y Estudios Ambientales (IDEAM). Los modelos de última generación (CMIP6) mejoran su desempeño con respecto a los modelos de la generación anterior (CMIP5), aunque siguen presentando sesgos sistemáticos como dificultades para representar la Zona de Convergencia Intertropical y procesos que dependen de la elevación, fundamentales para el comportamiento intra-anual de la precipitación y la temperatura en Colombia. Los modelos CMIP6 presentan mayores sesgos simulando la temperatura sobre los Andes Colombianos que los modelos CMIP5. Las proyecciones climáticas para finales del siglo XXI considerando los escenarios de mayores emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero sugieren condiciones futuras más cálidas y cambios mixtos de precipitación en Colombia, con reducciones de precipitación en el Orinoco y el Amazonas Colombiano en septiembre-noviembre, e incrementos en el este del Pacífico ecuatorial durante todo el año.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Colombia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[climate change]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[CMIP5]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[CMIP6]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[general circulation models]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Colombia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[cambio climático]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[CMIP5]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[CMIP6]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[modelos de circulación general]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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