<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0120-6230</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Facultad de Ingeniería Universidad de Antioquia]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev.fac.ing.univ. Antioquia]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0120-6230</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Antioquia]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0120-62302022000400029</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17533/udea.redin.20210531</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Esterification of levulinic acid via catalytic and photocatalytic processes using fluorinated titanium dioxide materials]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Esterificación de ácido levulínico mediante procesos catalíticos y fotocatalíticos empleando dióxido de titanio fluorado]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Castañeda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Claudia]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Martínez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[José J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mesa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Andrés]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Pedagógica y Tecnológica de Colombia Escuela de Ciencias Química ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Tunja Boyacá]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2022</year>
</pub-date>
<numero>105</numero>
<fpage>29</fpage>
<lpage>36</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0120-62302022000400029&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0120-62302022000400029&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0120-62302022000400029&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT This study evaluated the synthesis, characterization, and activity of fluorinated titanium dioxide materials (TiO2-F 1% and TiO2-F 5%) in-situ modified by the sol-gel method in the esterification reaction of levulinic acid conducted by catalytic and photocatalytic processes. The physicochemical properties of the materials were determined by X-ray diffraction, UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, thermal analysis, and pyridine adsorption. It was found that the inclusion of fluoride anion causes a decrease in the levulinic acid conversion by photocatalytic reaction; however, in the catalytic activation, a slight increase in the conversion using the fluoride materials was observed. Finally, the reaction in the presence of halogenated solvents (CCl4) by photolysis reaction favors a conversion of 100% in 1h.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN En el presente trabajo de investigación se estudió la síntesis, caracterización y actividad de materiales de dióxido de titanio fluorados (TiO2-F 1% y TiO2-F 5%) modificados in-situ a través del método de sol-gel, en la reacción de esterificación de ácido levulínico conducida tanto por vía fotocatalítica como catalítica. Las propiedades fisicoquímicas de los materiales se determinaron mediante estudios por difracción de rayos X, espectrofotometría UV-Vis de reflectancia difusa, análisis térmico y adsorción de piridina. Se encontró que la inclusión del anión fluoruro causa una disminución en la conversión del ácido levulínico por vía fotocatalítica; sin embargo, en la activación por vía catalítica se observó un ligero incremento en la conversión del ácido levulínico empleando los materiales fluorados. Finalmente, la reacción en presencia de disolventes halogenados (CCl4) mediante reacción de fotólisis favorece una conversión del 100% en 1h.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Catalysis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[photocatalysis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[levulinic acid]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[esterification]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[TiO2-F]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Catálisis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[fotocatálisis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[ácido levulínico]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[esterificación]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[TiO2-F]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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