<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0120-6230</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Facultad de Ingeniería Universidad de Antioquia]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev.fac.ing.univ. Antioquia]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0120-6230</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Antioquia]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0120-62302023000100124</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17533/udea.redin.20220888</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Thermal finite element analysis of complex heat sinks using open source tools and high-performance computing]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Análisis térmico por elementos finitos de disipadores de calor complejos usando herramientas de código abierto y computación de alto desempeño]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ramírez Gil]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Francisco Javier]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Delgado-Mejía]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Álvaro]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Foronda-Obando]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Esteban]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Olmos-Villalba]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Luis Carlos]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Institución Universitaria Pascual Bravo  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Medellín ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2023</year>
</pub-date>
<numero>106</numero>
<fpage>124</fpage>
<lpage>133</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0120-62302023000100124&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0120-62302023000100124&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0120-62302023000100124&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT The modeling of heat transfer phenomena in thermal systems has been extensively explored in industry and academia by using the finite element method (FEM) with commercial software. However, when the thermal problem introduces complexities in geometry and physics, the availability of licenses for high-performance computing could represent a limitation to achieving results in a reasonable time. Hence, finite element analysis (FEA) using open-source software (OSS) becomes a prominent candidate in this case. Therefore, multiple open-source tools are integrated into this work to solve the heat transfer equation, including conduction, convection, and radiation. Several geometrically complex heat sinks commonly used in the electronics industry are considered application examples. The performance of parallel computing is assessed in terms of processing time. The finite element solution engine is built by implementing the energy balance equations in their weak formulation in Firedrake, using its solver PETSc, the mesh generator GMSH and the post-processor Paraview, thus creating a fully OSS-based Python framework. Finally, the results are verified with commercial software for different case studies, and its potential to be extended to other fields of engineering is evident.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN El modelamiento de fenómenos de transferencia de calor en sistemas térmicos ha sido explorado extensamente en la industria y en la academia utilizando el método de los elementos finitos (MEF) con software comercial. Sin embargo, cuando el problema térmico introduce complejidades en geometría y físicas, la disponibilidad de licencias de procesamiento de alto desempeño puede representar una limitación para alcanzar resultados en un tiempo razonable. De ahí, el análisis de elementos finitos (AEF) utilizando plataformas con herramientas de código abierto (OSS) se convierte en un prominente candidato para este caso. Por lo tanto, múltiples herramientas de código abierto son integradas en este trabajo para resolver la ecuación de transferencia de calor incluyendo conducción, convección y radiación. Varios disipadores de calor geométricamente complejos usualmente utilizados en la industria electrónica son considerados como ejemplos de aplicación. El desempeño de la computación paralela es evaluado en términos del tiempo de procesamiento. El motor de solución de elementos finitos es construido implementando las ecuaciones de balance de energía en su formulación débil en Firedrake, usando su solucionador PETSc, el generador de malla GMSH y el post-procesador Paraview, creando así un entorno de trabajo en Python basado completamente en OSS. Finalmente, los resultados son verificados con software comercial para distintos casos de estudio, y su potencial para ser extendido a otros campos de la ingeniería es evidente.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Firedrake]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Finite element method (FEM)]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Python]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Heatsink]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Heat transfer]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[HPC]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Firedrake]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Método de los elementos finitos (MEF)]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Python]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Disipador de calor]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Transferencia de calor]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[HPC]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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