<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0120-6230</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Revista Facultad de Ingeniería Universidad de Antioquia]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Rev.fac.ing.univ. Antioquia]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0120-6230</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Antioquia]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0120-62302024000100099</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17533/udea.redin.20230521</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Flaw recognition in reinforced concrete bridges using infrared thermography: A case study]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Reconocimiento de defectos en puentes de hormigón armado utilizando termografía infrarroja: estudio de caso]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aquino-Rocha]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Joaquin Humberto]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Póvoas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Yêda Vieira]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bezerra-Batista]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Pedro Igor]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro Programa de Engenharia Civil PEC/COPPE/UFR]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Rio de Janeiro ]]></addr-line>
<country>Brazil</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidade de Pernambuco Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Civil PEC/POLI/UPE]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Recife ]]></addr-line>
<country>Brazil</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2024</year>
</pub-date>
<numero>110</numero>
<fpage>99</fpage>
<lpage>109</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0120-62302024000100099&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0120-62302024000100099&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0120-62302024000100099&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT Infrared thermography is a non-destructive test that is increasingly used in the inspection of existing buildings, bridges, and civil works. However, its practice is limited due to the influence of environmental conditions on the results of the test. The present study aims to evaluate the methodology of the test through the inspection of existing reinforced concrete bridges in Recife, Brazil. This city presents different environmental conditions from those reported in the literature, a high ambient temperature and relative humidity. The study comprises the inspection of five bridges in two days, analyzing their superstructure and infrastructure separately. The results show that flaw recognition is possible through the temperature gradient between imperfect and intact regions. Thus, variation in temperature greater than 0.3 °C allows awareness of the problem. The results behavior is different based on the bridge section inspected. The defects in the bridge superstructure are presented as positive thermal gradients. On the other hand, bridge infrastructure&#8217;s deficiencies are shown as negative thermal gradients. Although the technique presents several advantages for the inspection, the results must be analyzed in detail to avoid false detections, which may compromise the correct diagnosis of the bridge structures.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN La termografía infrarroja es una prueba no destructiva que se utiliza cada vez más en la inspección de edificios, puentes y obras civiles existentes. Sin embargo, su práctica es limitada, debido a la influencia de las condiciones ambientales en los resultados de la prueba. El presente estudio tiene como objetivo evaluar la metodología de la termografía infrarroja a través de la inspección de puentes existentes de hormigón armado en Recife, Brasil. Esta ciudad presenta condiciones ambientales diferentes a las reportadas en la literatura, una elevada temperatura ambiental y humedad relativa. El estudio comprende la inspección de cinco puentes en dos días, analizando por separado su superestructura e infraestructura. Los resultados muestran que el reconocimiento de defectos es posible a través del gradiente de temperatura entre regiones imperfectas y regiones intactas. Por lo tanto, una variación de temperatura superior a 0.3 °C permite conocer el problema. El comportamiento de los resultados es diferente según la sección de puente inspeccionada. Los defectos en la superestructura del puente se presentan como gradientes térmicos positivos. Por otro lado, las deficiencias de la infraestructura del puente se mostraron como gradientes térmicos negativos. Aunque la técnica presenta varias ventajas para la inspección, los resultados deben analizarse en detalle para evitar detecciones falsas, lo que puede comprometer el diagnóstico correcto de las estructuras del puente.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Non-destructive tests]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[bridge Inspection]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[recognition]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[thermal gradients]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Ensayo no destructivo]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[inspección de puentes]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[reconocimiento]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[gradientes térmicos]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<label>[1]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hiasa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Birgul]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Necati-Catbas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A data processing methodology for infrared thermography images of concrete bridges]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Computers &amp; Structures]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>190</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<label>[2]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Watase]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Birgul]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hiasa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Matsumoto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mitani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Necati-Catbas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Practical identification of favorable time windows for infrared thermography for concrete bridge evaluation]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Construction and Building Materials]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>101</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<label>[3]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Everett]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T. D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Weykamp]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cox]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[W. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Drda]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hummel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Bridge evaluation quality assurance in Europe]]></source>
<year>2008</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[U. S. Department of Transportation, Alexandria, V. A ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<label>[4]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>ABNT Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Inspeção de pontes, viadutos e passarelas de concreto - procedimento]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas, Rio de Janeiro ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<label>[5]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rehman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. K. U.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ibrahim]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Memon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jameel]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Nondestructive test methods for concrete bridges: A review]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Construction and Building Materials]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>107</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<label>[6]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aboutalebi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kilic]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Integrated health assessment strategy using NDT for reinforced concrete bridges]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[NDT &amp; E International]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>61</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<label>[7]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Oh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kee]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.-H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arndt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. W.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Popovics]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Comparison of NDT methods for assessment of a concrete bridge deck]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Engineering Mechanics]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>139</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<label>[8]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alfredo-Cruz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Quintero-Ortiz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Galán-Pinilla]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Espinosa-García]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Evaluación de técnicas no destructivas en elementos de concreto para puentes]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Facultad de Ingeniería]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>24</volume>
<numero>40</numero>
<issue>40</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<label>[9]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gucunski]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Imani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Romero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Nazarian]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yuan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Nondestructive testing to identify concrete bridge deck deterioration]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[SHRP 2 Strategic Highway Research Program, Washington D. C. ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<label>[10]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hiasa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Birgul]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Matsumoto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Necati-Catbas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Experimental and numerical studies for suitable infrared thermography implementation on concrete bridge decks]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Measurement]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>121</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<label>[11]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dabous]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yaghi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alkass]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moselhi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[O.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Concrete bridge deck condition assessment using IR thermography and ground penetrating radar technologies]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Automation in Construction]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>81</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<label>[12]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Washer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fenwick]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bolleni]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effects of solar loading on infrared imaging of subsurface features in concrete]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Bridge Engineering]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>15</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<label>[13]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hiasa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Birgul]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Necati-Catbas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Investigation of effective utilization of infrared thermography (IRT) through advanced finite element modeling]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Construction and Building Materials]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>150</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<label>[14]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Raja]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B. N. K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Miramini]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Duffield]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sofi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mendis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[L.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The influence of ambient environmental conditions in detecting bridge concrete deck delamination using infrared thermography (IRT)]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The Journal of the International Association for Structural Control and Monitoring]]></source>
<year>2020</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<label>[15]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bagavathiappan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lahiri]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[B. B.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Saravanan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Philip]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jayakumar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Infrared thermography for condition monitoring - a review]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Infrared Physics &amp; Technology]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>60</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<label>[16]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vaghefi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ahlborn]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Harris]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. K.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Brooks]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C. N.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Combined imaging technologies for concrete bridge deck condition assessment]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>29</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<label>[17]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Clark]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[McCann]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Forde]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M. C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Application of infrared thermography to the non-destructive testing of concrete and masonry bridges]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[NDT &amp; E International]]></source>
<year>2013</year>
<volume>36</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<label>[18]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Maierhofer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arndt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rollig]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rieck]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Walther]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Application of impulse-thermography for non-destructive assessment of concrete structures]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Cement and Concrete Composites]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>28</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<label>[19]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Sultan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Washer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[A pixel-by-pixel reliability analysis of infrared thermography (IRT) for the detection of subsurface delamination]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[NDT &amp; E International]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>92</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<label>[20]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cotic]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[P.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kolaric]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bokan-Bosiljkov]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bosiljkov]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[V.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jaglicic]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Determination of the applicability and limits of void and delamination detection in concrete structures using infrared thermography]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[NDT &amp; E International]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>74</volume>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<label>[21]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hiasa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Birgul]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Necati-Catbas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effect of defect size on subsurface defect detectability and defect depth estimation for concrete structures by infrared thermography]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Nondestructive Evaluation]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>36</volume>
<numero>57</numero>
<issue>57</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<label>[22]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Huy-Tran]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Q.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Han]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kang]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Haldar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Huh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Effects of ambient temperature and relative humidity on subsurface defect detection in concrete structures by active thermal imaging]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Sensors]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>17</volume>
<numero>8</numero>
<issue>8</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B23">
<label>[23]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Pozzer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Dalla-Rosa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Chamberlain-Pravia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Z. M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rezazadeh-Azar]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Maldague]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[X.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Long-term numerical analysis of subsurface delamination detection in concrete slabs via infrared thermography]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Applied Sciences]]></source>
<year>2021</year>
<volume>11</volume>
<numero>10</numero>
<issue>10</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B24">
<label>[24]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Farrag]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yehia]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Qaddoumi]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Investigation of mix-variation effect on defect-detection ability using infrared thermography as a nondestructive evaluation technique]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Bridge Engineering]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>21</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B25">
<label>[25]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kee]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.-H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Oh]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Popovics]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arndt]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R. W.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zhu]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Nondestructive bridge deck testing with air-coupled impact-echo and infrared thermography]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Bridge Engineering]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>17</volume>
<numero>6</numero>
<issue>6</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B26">
<label>[26]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aggelis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. G.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kordatos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[E. Z.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Soulioti]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[D. V.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Matikas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[T. E.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Combined use of thermography and ultrasound for the characterization of subsurface cracks in concrete]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Construction and Building Materials]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>24</volume>
<numero>10</numero>
<issue>10</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B27">
<label>[27]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>ASTM</collab>
<source><![CDATA[ASTM D4788-03]]></source>
<year>2022</year>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Antioquia;;]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B28">
<label>[28]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Aquino-Rocha]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. H.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vieira-Póvoas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Firmino-Santos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[C.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Detection of delaminations in sunlight-unexposed concrete elements of bridges using infrared thermography]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Nondestructive Evaluation]]></source>
<year>2018</year>
<volume>38</volume>
<numero>8</numero>
<issue>8</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B29">
<label>[29]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Washer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[G.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Advances in the use of thermographic imaging for the condition assessment of bridges]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Bridge Structures]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<volume>8</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B30">
<label>[30]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hiasa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Necati-Catbas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Matsumoto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mitani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Considerations and issues in the utilization of infrared thermography for concrete bridge inspection at normal driving speeds]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Bridge Engineering]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>22</volume>
<numero>11</numero>
<issue>11</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B31">
<label>[31]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hiasa]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[S.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Necati-Catbas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Matsumoto]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mitani]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[K.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Considerations and issues in the utilization of infrared thermography for concrete bridge inspection at normal driving speeds]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Bridge Engineering]]></source>
<year>2017</year>
<volume>22</volume>
<numero>11</numero>
<issue>11</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B32">
<label>[32]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ellenberg]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kontsos]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moon]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[F.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bartoli]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[I.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Bridge deck delamination identification from unmanned aerial vehicle infrared imagery]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Automation in Construction]]></source>
<year>2016</year>
<volume>72</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B33">
<label>[33]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Google Earth</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Recife]]></source>
<year>2023</year>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B34">
<label>[34]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rocha]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Póvoas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Y. V.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Detection of delaminations in reinforced concrete bridges using infrared thermography]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Ingeniería de Construcción]]></source>
<year>2019</year>
<volume>34</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B35">
<label>[35]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>FLIR</collab>
<source><![CDATA[User&#8217;s Manual, FLIR Exx Series]]></source>
<year>2014</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[United States ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B36">
<label>[36]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="">
<collab>Associação Brasileira de Normas Técnicas</collab>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Desempenho térmico de edificações - Parte 2]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Norma Técnica NBR 15220-2]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Brazil, RJ ]]></publisher-loc>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B37">
<label>[37]</label><nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Muller-Pintan]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[N.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Alves-Berenguer]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[R.]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[da Costa e Silva]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[A. J.]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Pathological manifestations and the study of corrosion present on bridges of the city of Recife]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Electronic Journal of Geotechnical Engineering]]></source>
<year>2015</year>
<volume>24</volume>
<numero>24</numero>
<issue>24</issue>
<page-range>11893-907</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
