<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0120-6346</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Semestre Económico]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Semest. Econ.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0120-6346</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad de Medellín]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0120-63462018000300027</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22395/seec.v21n48a1</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[EVOLUCIÓN DE LA BRECHA SALARIAL POR GÉNERO EN COLOMBIA 2004-2012. UN ANÁLISIS DEL FENÓMENO TECHO DE CRISTAL]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[EVOLUTION OF THE SALARIAL GAP BY GENDER IN COLOMBIA 2004-2012. AN ANALYSIS OF THE GLASS CEILING PHENOMENON]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[AVALIAÇÃO DA BRECHA SALARIAL POR GÊNERO NA COLÔMBIA 2004-2012. UMA ANÁLISE DO FENÔMENO &#8220;TETO DE VIDRO&#8221;]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gómez-Segura]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Camilo Fabiam]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cerquera Losada]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Óscar Hernán]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Orjuela Yacue]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Cristian Felipe]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Surcolombiana  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Neiva Huila]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Surcolombiana  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Neiva Huila]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Uniminuto  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Neiva Huila]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2018</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>09</month>
<year>2018</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>21</volume>
<numero>48</numero>
<fpage>27</fpage>
<lpage>49</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0120-63462018000300027&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0120-63462018000300027&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0120-63462018000300027&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN El presente trabajo analiza los determinantes de la brecha salarial por género en Colombia durante el periodo 2004-2012, utilizando las encuestas Mesep-DANE de los años 2004, 2008 y 2012. Se realizó la descomposición de la brecha salarial en los diferentes puntos de la distribución incondicional de los salarios. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que existe un diferencial salarial promedio en favor de los hombres y este es creciente en el tiempo, el cual se explica en el 20 % y en el 40 % por factores diferentes a la productividad de los individuos. Al analizar el diferencial salarial por género en los distintos cuantiles de la distribución del ingreso, se encuentra que el efecto característica explica la brecha bruta a medida en que se avanza en la distribución de salarios, este resultado evidencia la existencia de un techo de cristal para las mujeres. CLASIFICACIÓN JEL: J15, J16, J31, J70.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT This paper analyzes the determinants of the wage gap by gender in Colombia from 2004 to 2012, using the Mesep-DANE surveys of 2004, 2008 and 2012. A breakdown of the wage gap in the different points of the unconditional distribution of wages was carried out. The results obtained show that there is an average wage differential in favor of men and that it is growing over time. It is explained in 20% and 40% by factors other than the productivity of individuals. When analyzing the wage difference by gender in the different quantiles of the income distribution, it was found that the characteristic effect explains the gross gap as one advances through the wage distribution. This result demonstrates the existence of a glass ceiling for women. JEL CLASSIFICATION: J15, J16, J31, J70]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[RESUMO Este trabalho analisa os determinantes da brecha salarial por gênero na Colômbia entre 2004 e 2012 utilizando as pesquisas da Missão para a União das Séries de Emprego, Pobreza e DesigualdadeDepartamento Administrativo Nacional de Estatística, dos anos 2004, 2008 e 2012. Realizou-se a análise da brecha salarial nos diferentes pontos da distribuição incondicional dos salários. Os resultados obtidos mostram que existe um diferencial salarial médio em favor dos homens, o qual cresce no tempo, o que se explica em 20 % e em 40 % por fatores diferentes da produtividade dos indivíduos. Ao analisar o diferencial salarial por gênero nas diferentes partes da distribuição do ingresso, verifica-se que o efeito característica explica a brecha bruta à medida que se avança na distribuição de salários; esse resultado evidencia a existência de um &#8220;teto de vidro&#8221; (glass ceiling) para as mulheres. CLASSIFICAÇÃO JEL: J15, J16, J31, J70.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Discriminación salarial]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[efecto características]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[efecto remuneración]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[techo de cristal.]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Salary discrimination]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[characteristic effect]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[remuneration effect]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[glass ceiling.]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Discriminação salarial]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[efeito características]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[efeito remuneração]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[&#8220;teto de vidro&#8221; (glass ceiling).]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front><back>
<ref-list>
<ref id="B1">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Abadía Alvarado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Luz Karime]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[Discriminación salarial por sexo en Colombia: un análisis desde la discriminación estadística]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<page-range>63</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Bogotá, Colombia ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Pontificia Universidad Javeriana]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B2">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Arrow]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Kenneth]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Theory of Discrimination. Industrial Relations Section Working Paper]]></source>
<year>1971</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Nueva Jersey, Estados Unidos de América ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Princeton University]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B3">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Autor]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[David]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Katz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Lawrence]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Kearney]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Melissa]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Rising Wage Inequality: The Role of Composition and Prices]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[NBER Working Paper]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>11628</volume>
<page-range>1-66</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B4">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Becker]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Gary Stanley]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<source><![CDATA[The Economics of Discrimination]]></source>
<year>1971</year>
<page-range>167</page-range><publisher-loc><![CDATA[Chicago, Estados Unidos de América ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[University of Chicago Press]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B5">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bernat]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Luisa]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ribero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Rocío]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tenjo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jaime]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Evolución de las diferencias salariales por sexo en seis países de América Latina: un intento de interpretación]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Documento CEDE]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>18</volume>
<page-range>1-59</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B6">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Blinder]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Alan]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Wage Discrimination: Reduced Form and Structural Estimates]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Human Resources]]></source>
<year>1973</year>
<volume>8</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>436-55</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B7">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Buchinsky]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Moshe]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Recent Advances in Quantile Regression Models: A Practical Guideline for Empirical Research]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[The Journal of Human Resources]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
<volume>33</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>88-126</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B8">
<nlm-citation citation-type="book">
<collab>DANE &#8210;Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadística&#8210;</collab>
<source><![CDATA[Metodología Gran Encuesta Integrada de Hogares]]></source>
<year>2012</year>
<publisher-loc><![CDATA[Bogotá, Colombia ]]></publisher-loc>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[DANE]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B9">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fernández]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[María del Pilar]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Determinantes del diferencial salarial por género en Colombia 1997-2003]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Documento CEDE]]></source>
<year>2006</year>
<volume>2006-32</volume>
<page-range>165-208</page-range><publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad de Los Andes]]></publisher-name>
</nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B10">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Flórez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Carmen]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[La transformación de los hogares: una visión de largo plazo]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista Coyuntura Social]]></source>
<year>2004</year>
<volume>30</volume>
<page-range>23-49</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B11">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Firpo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Sergio]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Fortin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Nicole]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Lemieux]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Thomas]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Decomposition Methods in Economics]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[NBER Working Paper]]></source>
<year>2011</year>
<volume>16045</volume>
<page-range>1-118</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B12">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Goldin]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Claudia]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Rouse]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Cecilia]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Orchestrating Impartiality: The Impact of Blind Auditions on Female Musicians]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[American Economic Review]]></source>
<year>2000</year>
<volume>90</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>715-41</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B13">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Galvis]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Luis Armando]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Diferenciales salariales por género y región en Colombia: una aproximación con regresión por cuantiles]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Revista de Economía del Rosario]]></source>
<year>2010</year>
<volume>13</volume>
<numero>2</numero>
<issue>2</issue>
<page-range>235-77</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B14">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Heckman]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[James]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Sample Selection Bias as a Specification Error]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Econometrica]]></source>
<year>1979</year>
<volume>47</volume>
<page-range>153-61</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B15">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Koenker]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Roger]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Bassett]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Gilbert]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Regression Quantiles]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Econométrica]]></source>
<year>1978</year>
<volume>46</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<issue>1</issue>
<page-range>33-50</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B16">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Machado]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[José]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Mata]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[José]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Counterfactual Decomposition of Changes in Wage Distributions Using Quantile Regression]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Journal of Applied Econometrics]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>20</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>445-65</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B17">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Melly]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Blaise]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Decomposition of Differences in Distributions Using Quantile Regression]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Labour Economics]]></source>
<year>2005</year>
<volume>12</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>577-90</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B18">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Oaxaca]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Ronald]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Male Female Wage Differentials in Urban Labor Markets]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[International Economics Review]]></source>
<year>1973</year>
<volume>14</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<issue>3</issue>
<page-range>693-709</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B19">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Phelps]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Edmund]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[The Statistical Theory of Racism and Sexism]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[American Economic Review]]></source>
<year>1972</year>
<volume>62</volume>
<numero>4</numero>
<issue>4</issue>
<page-range>659-61</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B20">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ribero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Rocío]]></given-names>
</name>
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Meza]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Claudia]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Los ingresos laborales de hombres y mujeres en Colombia: 1976-1995]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Archivos de Macroeconomía]]></source>
<year>1997</year>
<volume>63</volume>
<page-range>1-31</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B21">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Tenjo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jaime]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[1976-1989: cambios en los diferenciales salariales entre hombres y mujeres]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Planeación y Desarrollo]]></source>
<year>1993</year>
<volume>24</volume>
<page-range>103-16</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
<ref id="B22">
<nlm-citation citation-type="journal">
<person-group person-group-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Urdinola Contreras]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Piedad]]></given-names>
</name>
</person-group>
<article-title xml:lang=""><![CDATA[Mujeres en sus casas: un recuento de la población femenina económicamente activa]]></article-title>
<source><![CDATA[Archivos de Macroeconomía]]></source>
<year>1998</year>
<volume>85</volume>
<page-range>1-31</page-range></nlm-citation>
</ref>
</ref-list>
</back>
</article>
