<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0120-6346</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Semestre Económico]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Semest. Econ.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0120-6346</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad de Medellín]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0120-63462025000204774</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22395/seec.v28n65a4774</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[DOLARIZACIÓN OFICIAL Y ESPONTÁNEA EN AMÉRICA LATINA: ANÁLISIS COMPARATIVO DE NUEVE EXPERIENCIAS REPRESENTATIVAS]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[OFFICIAL AND SPONTANEOUS DOLLARIZATION IN LATIN AMERICA: COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF NINE REPRESENTATIVE EXPERIENCES]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="pt"><![CDATA[DOLARIZAÇÃO OFICIAL E ESPONTÂNEA NA AMÉRICA LATINA: ANÁLISE COMPARATIVA DE NOVE EXPERIÊNCIAS REPRESENTATIVAS]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Camacho Velarde]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Santos]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universitat Oberta de Catalunya  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>28</volume>
<numero>65</numero>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0120-63462025000204774&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0120-63462025000204774&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0120-63462025000204774&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[RESUMEN Este artículo aborda el fenómeno de la dolarización en América Latina, centrándose en su conceptualización y evaluando sus impactos en diferentes economías de la región. El estudio distingue entre la dolarización espontánea y oficial, examinando casos representativos en ambos segmentos. En la sección de dolarización espontánea, se analizan las experiencias de Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Cuba, Argentina, Venezuela y Perú, mientras que la dolarización oficial se examina a través de los casos de Ecuador, El Salvador y Panamá. Se emplea un enfoque metodológico mixto que combina el análisis cualitativo de los contextos históricos y políticos con la evaluación cuantitativa de indicadores macroeconómicos para medir los efectos de la dolarización. Los resultados evidencian que la dola-rización puede contribuir a la estabilidad monetaria en ciertos escenarios, aunque también limita la autonomía de las políticas económicas nacionales. Finalmente se concluye que la efectividad de la dolarización depende de las condiciones estructurales de cada país, y que una comprensión profunda de sus ventajas y desventajas resulta crucial para formular estrategias económicas sostenibles.  CLASIFICACIÓN JEL: E42, E52, E65, F31  CONTENIDO: Introducción, 2. Revisión de la literatura, 3. Metodología, 4. Resultados, 5. Conclusiones. Lista de referencias.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[ABSTRACT This article addresses the phenomenon of dollarization in Latin America, focusing on its conceptualization and evaluating its impacts on different economies in the region. The study distinguishes between spontaneous and official dollarization, examining representative cases in both categories. In the section on spontaneous dollarization, the experiences of Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Cuba, Argentina, Venezuela, and Peru are analysed, while official dollarization is examined through the cases of Ecuador, El Salvador, and Panama. A mixed-methods approach is employed, combining qualitative analysis of historical and political contexts with the quantitative evaluation of macroeconomic indicators to measure the effects of dollarization. The results show that dollarization can contribute to monetary stability in certain scenarios, although it also limits the autonomy of national economic policies. The study concludes that the effectiveness of dollarization depends on the structural conditions of each country, and highlights that a deep understanding of its advantages and disadvantages is crucial for the formulation of sustainable economic strategies.  JEL CLASSIFICATION: E42, E52, E65, F31  CONTENT: Introduction, 2. Literature review, 3. Methodology, 4. Results, 5. Conclusions. Reference list.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="pt"><p><![CDATA[RESUMO Este artigo aborda o fenómeno da dolarização na América Latina, focando-se na sua conceptualização e avaliando os seus impactos nas diferentes economias da região. O estudo distingue entre a dolarização espontânea e oficial, analisando casos representativos em ambos os segmentos. Na secção de dolarização espontânea, são analisadas as experiências da Costa Rica, Nicarágua, Cuba, Argentina, Venezuela e Peru, enquanto a dolarização oficial é examinada através dos casos do Equador, El Salvador e Panamá. Utiliza-se uma abordagem metodológica mista que combina a análise qualitativa dos contextos históricos e políticos com a avaliação quantitativa de indicadores macroeconómicos para medir os efeitos da dolarização. Os resultados evidenciam que a dolarização pode contribuir para a estabilidade monetária em certos cenários, embora também limite a autonomia das políticas económicas nacionais. Finalmente, conclui-se que a efetividade da dolarização depende das condições estruturais de cada país, e que uma compreensão profunda das suas vantagens e desvantagens é crucial para formular estratégias económicas sustentáveis.  CLASSIFICAÇÃO JEL: E42, E52, E65, F31  CONTEÚDO: Introdução, 2. Revisão da literatura, 3. Metodologia, 4. Resultados, 5. Conclusões. Lista de referências.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Dolarización]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[política monetaria]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[crisis económica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[América Latina]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Dollarization]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[monetary policy]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[economic crisis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Latin America]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[Dolarização]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[política monetária]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[crise económica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="pt"><![CDATA[América Latina]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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