<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0120-8705</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[CES Medicina]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[CES Med.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0120-8705</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad CES]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0120-87052018000300203</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21615/cesmedicina.32.3.2</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Detection of carbapenem resistance genes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates with several phenotypic susceptibility profiles]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Detección de genes de resistencia a carbapenémicos en aislados de Pseudomonas aeruginosa con diferentes perfiles de susceptibilidad fenotípica]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Morales]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Sara]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gallego]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Marlon A.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Vanegas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Johanna M.]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jiménez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[J. Natalia]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Antioquia  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Antioquia  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Medellín ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Antioquia  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Antioquia  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af5">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad de Antioquia  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[ ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2018</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2018</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>32</volume>
<numero>3</numero>
<fpage>203</fpage>
<lpage>214</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0120-87052018000300203&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0120-87052018000300203&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0120-87052018000300203&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract  Introduction: Pseudomonas aeruginosa display several resistance mechanisms to carbapenems and such variety makes it difficult to infer from the antibiogram. The aim of this study was to determine the carbapenem resistance genes in P. aeruginosa isolates with different profiles of phe-notypic susceptibility to these antibiotics.  Materials and methods: From a microbial collection of P aeruginosa isolates from infected patients, 40 isolates with different carbapenem resistance profiles were selected. The carbapenemases genes, and expression of the OprD porin, the MexAB-OprM efflux pump and the p-lactamase AmpC were determined.  Results: From a total of 40 isolates evaluted, in 21 (52.5%) any mechanism of resistance evaluated were detected. In the meropenem-resistant group, overexpression of AmpC (n = 1) and decreased expression of MexAB-OprM (n = 2) and OprD (n = 1) were found. A decrease in the expression of MexAB-OprM was observed in imipenem-resistant group (n = 3) and mutations in the gene encoding the OprD porin (n = 1). Finally, the presence of carbapenemases (VIM, n= 3, KPC-2 / VIM, n = 1) was detected in imipenem-meropenem resistant isolates.  Conclusion: The phenotypic susceptibility profiles in P aeruginosa isolates were not explained by the molecular mechanisms explored, with the exception of carbapenemase-producing isolates. These results evidence the complexity of the antibiotic resistance mechanisms involved in this bacterium.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen  Introducción: Pseudomonas aeruginosa presenta diferentes mecanismos de resistencia a los carbapenémicos, dificultando su inferencia a partir del antibiograma. El objetivo fue determinar los genes de resistencia a car-bapenémicos en aislados de Pseudomonas aeruginosa con diferentes perfiles de susceptibilidad a estos antibióticos.  Materiales y métodos: A partir de una colección microbiana de aislados de P. aeruginosa provenientes de pacientes infectados se seleccionaron 40 aislados con diferentes perfiles de resistencia a carbapenémicos y en los cuales se determinaron los genes de car-bapenemasas, la expresión de la porina OprD, la bomba de expulsión MexAB-OprM y la betalactamasa AmpC.  Resultados: El 52,5 % de los aislados no presentó ninguno de los mecanismos de resistencia evaluados. En los resistentes a meropenem se encontró sobreexpresión de AmpC (n=1) y disminución de la expresión de MexAB-OprM (n=2) y OprD (n=1). En los resistentes a imipenem se observó disminución en la expresión de MexAB-OprM (n=3) y mutaciones en el gen que codifica la porina OprD (n=1). En aislados resistentes a imipenem y meropenem se detectó la presencia de carbapenemasas (VIM, n=3, KPC/VIM, n=1).  Conclusión: Los mecanismos moleculares hallados no explican el fenotipo de resistencia a carbapenémicos, excepto en los aislados productores de carbapenemasas. Estos resultados evidencian la complejidad de los mecanismos implicados en la resistencia antibiótica en esta bacteria.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Pseudomonas aeruginosa]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Carbapenems]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Carbapenemases]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Resistance mechanisms]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Pseudomonas aeruginosa]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Carbapenémicos]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Carbapenemasas]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Mecanismos de resistencia]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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