<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0120-8705</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[CES Medicina]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[CES Med.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0120-8705</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Universidad CES]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0120-87052020000400069</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.21615/cesmedicina.34.covid-19.10</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Síndrome de dificultad respiratoria aguda en el contexto de la pandemia por COVID-19]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Acute respiratory distress syndrome in times of the COVID-19 pandemic]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Moreno]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Sara]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Yepes]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[David]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Hugo Arias]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[José]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,Clínica CES  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Medellín ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Clínica CES  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Medellín ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad CES  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Medellín ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>12</month>
<year>2020</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>34</volume>
<numero>spe</numero>
<fpage>69</fpage>
<lpage>77</lpage>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0120-87052020000400069&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0120-87052020000400069&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0120-87052020000400069&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen  Introducción:  el síndrome de dificultad respiratoria aguda es una enfermedad frecuente con una elevada morbimortalidad. Recientemente, ha ganado relevancia por la pandemia generada por la infección por SARS-CoV-2, en la que un gran número de pacientes han necesitado ventilación mecánica y manejo del síndrome secundario. Previendo la necesidad de una redistribución emergente del talento humano en salud, realizamos una revisión narrativa sobre el síndrome de dificultad respiratoria aguda con los principales artículos relacionados con su tratamiento.  Métodos:  se revisaron bases de datos (PubMed, MEDLINE, Lilacs) incluyendo textos multidisciplinarios, guías de práctica y estudios clínicos escritos en inglés y español hasta abril 2020. Resultados: las principales medidas relacionadas con la disminución de la mortalidad son la ventilación protectora y la ventilación en prono. Algunas estrategias terapéuticas como el uso restrictivo hídrico no demostraron impactar en mortalidad, pero sí en eventos secundarios. El uso de membrana de oxigenación extracorpórea no ha demostrado disminuir la mortalidad.  Conclusiones:  el síndrome de dificultad respiratoria aguda es la manifestación severa más frecuente de la infección por SARS-CoV-2. Las estrategias terapéuticas son de obligatorio conocimiento para los profesionales que enfrentan un paciente con COVID-19. Pocas estrategias impactan la mortalidad y los eventos secundarios, entre ellas la ventilación mecánica protectora y la ventilación en prono. El uso de membrana de oxigenación extracorpórea continúa siendo considerada una medida compasiva.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract  Background:  Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a frequent entity in critical care with significant morbidity and mortality. Recently, it has gained relevance due to the pandemic caused by SARS-CoV2 infection, in which large numbers of patients have required mechanical ventilation and treatment for a secondary ARDS. Anticipating the need for a redistribution of human health resources, we conducted a narrative review on Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) with the main articles related to management of this clinical entity.  Methods:  Databases (PubMed, MEDLINE, Lilacs) were searched for relevant literature including multidisciplinary texts, clinical practice guidelines and clinical studies written in English and Spanish until April 2020. Results: The main measures related to decreased mortality are protective ventilation and prone ventilation. Some therapeutic strategies, such as restrictive fluid management, have not been shown to impact mortality but rather secondary events. The use of extracorporeal oxygenation membrane has not been shown to decrease mortality.  Conclusions:  Acute respiratory distress syndrome is the most frequent severe manifestation of infection with SARS-CoV2. Therapeutic strategies are mandatory knowledge for professionals who face a patient with COVID-19. Few strategies impact mortality and secondary events, including protective mechanical ventilation and prone ventilation. ECMO continues to be considered a compassionate measure.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Síndrome de dificultad respiratoria aguda]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Neumonía]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Ventilación mecánica]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[SARS-CoV2]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[COVID-19.]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[pneumonia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[mechanical ventilation]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[SARS-CoV2]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[COVID-19.]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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