<?xml version="1.0" encoding="ISO-8859-1"?><article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
<front>
<journal-meta>
<journal-id>0120-8748</journal-id>
<journal-title><![CDATA[Acta Neurológica Colombiana]]></journal-title>
<abbrev-journal-title><![CDATA[Acta Neurol Colomb.]]></abbrev-journal-title>
<issn>0120-8748</issn>
<publisher>
<publisher-name><![CDATA[Asociación Colombiana de Neurología]]></publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta>
<article-id>S0120-87482025000100009</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.22379/anc.v41i1.1862</article-id>
<title-group>
<article-title xml:lang="es"><![CDATA[Fallo terapéutico en esclerosis múltiple remitente-recurrente: definición y algoritmo para su manejo, un consenso de expertos]]></article-title>
<article-title xml:lang="en"><![CDATA[Therapeutic failure in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: Definition and algorithm for management, an expert consensus]]></article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[García]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jimena]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Gómez]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Lina]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Navas Cardozo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Carlos Alberto]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Zuluaga Rodas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[María Isabel]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Casallas Vanegas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Adriana]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Cárdenas-Robledo]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Simón]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Quiñones Bautista]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jairo Alonso]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Acuña]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jahir Miranda]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Reyes Guerrero]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Marco Aurelio]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Franco Ruiz]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[César Augusto]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Jiménez Arango]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Jorge Andrés]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author">
<name>
<surname><![CDATA[Ortiz Salas]]></surname>
<given-names><![CDATA[Paola Andrea]]></given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aaf"/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="A1 "/>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="Af1"/>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="Af1">
<institution><![CDATA[,NeuroEconomix Departamento de Medicina Basada en la Evidencia ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Bogotá D. C]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af2">
<institution><![CDATA[,Clínica Universitaria Colombia  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Bogotá D. C]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af3">
<institution><![CDATA[,Medicarte  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Medellín ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af4">
<institution><![CDATA[,Cayre IPS  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Bogotá D. C]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af5">
<institution><![CDATA[,Hospital Universitario Nacional de Colombia  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Bogotá D. C]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af6">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad Nacional de Colombia Facultad de Medicina ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Bogotá D. C]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af7">
<institution><![CDATA[,Fundación Valle del Lili  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Cali ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af8">
<institution><![CDATA[,Hospital Militar Central  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Bogotá D. C]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="Af9">
<institution><![CDATA[,Fundación Instituto Neurológico de Colombia  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Bogotá D. C]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A10">
<institution><![CDATA[,Neuroclínica  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Medellín ]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A11">
<institution><![CDATA[,Fundación Cardioinfantil  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Bogotá D. C]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<aff id="A12">
<institution><![CDATA[,Universidad del Rosario  ]]></institution>
<addr-line><![CDATA[Bogotá D. C]]></addr-line>
<country>Colombia</country>
</aff>
<pub-date pub-type="pub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub">
<day>00</day>
<month>03</month>
<year>2025</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>41</volume>
<numero>1</numero>
<copyright-statement/>
<copyright-year/>
<self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&amp;pid=S0120-87482025000100009&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&amp;pid=S0120-87482025000100009&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><self-uri xlink:href="http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_pdf&amp;pid=S0120-87482025000100009&amp;lng=en&amp;nrm=iso"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="es"><p><![CDATA[Resumen  Introducción: La esclerosis múltiple es una enfermedad crónica, neurodegenerativa y autoinmune del sistema nervioso central. En Colombia, se considera como la enfermedad huérfana-rara más común, con 3224 casos reportados entre los años 2016 y 2021. El tratamiento se basa en una variedad de terapias modificadoras de la enfermedad que busca reducir las recaídas, disminuir la actividad en imágenes y retrasar la progresión de la discapacidad; sin embargo, el manejo clínico presenta desafíos debido a la falta de definiciones claras sobre el fallo de las terapias modificadoras y la falta de guías claras para el cambio de tratamiento.  Objetivo: Elaborar una definición de fallo terapéutico y diseñar un algoritmo para su manejo en pacientes con esclerosis múltiple recurrente en Colombia.  Materiales y métodos: Se llevó a cabo un consenso de expertos mediante la metodología Delphi en dos rondas virtuales con diez expertos. Además, se hizo una revisión de la literatura para obtener información destinada al diseño de la definición y al algoritmo del fallo terapéutico.  Resultados: Se elaboró una definición de fallo terapéutico compuesta por una introducción y la descripción de las variables clínicas que se utilizarán para determinar si un paciente presenta fallo terapéutico, y también se diseñó un algoritmo con una estrategia de optimización terapéutica, considerando las necesidades individuales de cada paciente según la definición diseñada previamente.  Conclusiones: Se desarrolló una definición y un algoritmo de manejo específico para Colombia basados en evidencia, experiencia clínica y recomendaciones de expertos. Estas herramientas facilitarán la toma de decisiones, el seguimiento y la eficiencia de los tratamientos, y se actualizarán periódicamente para reflejar avances científicos y mejores prácticas.]]></p></abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="short" xml:lang="en"><p><![CDATA[Abstract  Introduction: Multiple sclerosis is a chronic neurodegenerative and autoimmune disease of the central nervous system. In Colombia, is the most common rare-orphan disease, with 3,224 reported cases between 2016 and 2021. The treatment is based on a variety of disease-modifying therapies aimed at reducing relapses, decreasing imaging activity, and delaying the progression of disability. However, clinical management presents challenges due to the lack of clear definitions of disease-modifying therapy failure and the absence of explicit guidelines for treatment changes.  Objective: Develop a definition of therapeutic failure and design an algorithm for management of therapeutic failure in patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis in Colombia  Materials and methods: An expert consensus was carried out using the Delphi methodology in two virtual rounds with 10 experts. A literature review was conducted to gather information for designing the definition and therapeutic failure algorithm.  Results: A definition of therapeutic failure was elaborated, including an introduction and the description of clinical variables used to determine if a patient is experiencing therapeutic failure. An algorithm was developed with a therapeutic optimization strategy considering the individual needs of each patient based on the previously designed definition.  Conclusions: A definition and a specific management algorithm for Colombia were developed based on evidence, clinical experience, and expert recommendations. These tools will improve decision-making, follow-up, and treatment efficiency and will be updated periodically to reflect scientific advances and best practices.]]></p></abstract>
<kwd-group>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[esclerosis múltiple recurrente-remitente]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[cambio de tratamiento]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[consenso]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[Colombia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[toma de decisiones]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="es"><![CDATA[eficiencia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Treatment change]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Consensus]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Colombia]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Decision-making]]></kwd>
<kwd lng="en"><![CDATA[Efficiency]]></kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
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